2083 lines
45 KiB
Markdown
2083 lines
45 KiB
Markdown
Vue 2 备忘清单
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===
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渐进式 JavaScript 框架 [Vue 2](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/) 备忘清单的快速参考列表,包含常用 API 和示例。
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入门
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---
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### 介绍
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Vue 是一套用于构建用户界面的渐进式框架
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- [Vue 2.x 官方文档](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/) _(v2.cn.vuejs.org)_
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- [Vue Router 3.x 官方文档](https://v3.router.vuejs.org/) _(v3.router.vuejs.org)_
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- [Vue 3 备忘清单](./vue.md)
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<!--rehype:className=style-round-->
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注意:Vue 2.x 版本对应 Vue Router 3.x 路由版本
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#### 快速创建 **Vue** 项目
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```bash
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npx @vue/cli create hello-world
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```
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参考: [Vue CLI](https://cli.vuejs.org/zh/guide/creating-a-project.html) 创建一个项目
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### 声明式渲染
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```html
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<div id="app">
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{{ message }}
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</div>
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```
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---
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```js
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var app = new Vue({
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el: '#app',
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data: {
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message: 'Hello Vue!'
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}
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})
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```
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### 基础例子
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
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```html
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<div id="example">
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<p>原始信息: "{{ message }}"</p>
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<p>
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计算的反向信息: "{{ reversedMessage }}"
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</p>
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</div>
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```
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---
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```js
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var vm = new Vue({
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el: '#example',
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data: {
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message: 'Hello'
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},
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computed: {
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// 计算属性的 getter
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reversedMessage: function () {
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// `this` 指向 vm 实例
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return this.message.split('')
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.reverse().join('')
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}
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}
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})
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```
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结果
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```
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原始信息: "Hello"
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计算的反向信息: "olleH"
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```
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### 绑定元素属性
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```html
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<div id="app-2">
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<span v-bind:title="message">
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鼠标悬停几秒钟查看此处动态绑定的提示信息!
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</span>
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</div>
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```
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---
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```js
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var app2 = new Vue({
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el: '#app-2',
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data: {
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message: '页面加载于 ' + new Date()
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.toLocaleString()
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}
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})
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```
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### 条件
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```html
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<div id="app-3">
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<p v-if="seen">现在你看到我了</p>
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</div>
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```
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---
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```js
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var app3 = new Vue({
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el: '#app-3',
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data: {
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seen: true
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}
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})
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```
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控制切换一个元素是否显示
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### 循环
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```html
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<div id="app-4">
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<ol>
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<li v-for="todo in todos">
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{{ todo.text }}
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</li>
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</ol>
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</div>
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```
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---
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```js
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var app4 = new Vue({
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el: '#app-4',
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data: {
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todos: [
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{ text: '学习 JavaScript' },
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{ text: '学习 Vue' },
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{ text: '整个牛项目' }
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]
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}
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})
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```
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### 点击事件处理
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```html
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<div id="app-5">
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<p>{{ message }}</p>
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<button v-on:click="reverseMessage">
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反转消息
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</button>
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</div>
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```
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---
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```js
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var app5 = new Vue({
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el: '#app-5',
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data: {
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message: 'Hello Vue.js!'
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},
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methods: {
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reverseMessage: function () {
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this.message = this.message.split('')
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.reverse().join('')
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}
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}
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})
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```
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### 输入事件处理
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```html
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<div id="app-6">
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<p>{{ message }}</p>
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<input v-model="message">
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</div>
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```
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`v-model` 指令,它能轻松实现表单输入和应用状态之间的双向绑定
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```js
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var app6 = new Vue({
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el: '#app-6',
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data: {
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message: 'Hello Vue!'
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}
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})
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```
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模板语法
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---
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### 文本
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```html
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<span>Message: {{ msg }}</span>
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<span v-once>
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这个将不会改变: {{ msg }}
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</span>
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```
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使用 `v-once` 指令,执行一次性地插值,当数据改变时,插值处的内容不会更新
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### 原始 HTML
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```html
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<p>解释为普通文本: {{ rawHtml }}</p>
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<p>
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使用 v-html 指令:
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<span v-html="rawHtml"></span>
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</p>
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```
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使用 `v-html` 指令,输出真正的 `HTML`
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### 属性
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```html
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<div v-bind:id="dynamicId"></div>
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<button v-bind:disabled="isDisabled">
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Button
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</button>
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```
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如果 `isDisabled` 的值是 null/undefined/false 则 `disabled` 不会被渲染出来
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### JavaScript 表达式
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```html
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<div id="app">
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<span>消息: {{ msg }}</span>
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<span>{{ msg + '这是字符串' }}</span>
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<span>{{ isWorking ? '是':'否' }}</span>
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<span>{{ msg.getDetials() }}</span>
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<div v-bind:id="'list-' + id"></div>
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<div>
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```
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### 指令
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```html
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<p v-if="seen">
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现在你看到我了
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</p>
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```
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`v-if` 指令将根据表达式 `seen` 的值的真假来插入/移除 \<p> 元素
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### 指令参数
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```html
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<a v-bind:href="url">...</a>
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```
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`v-bind` 指令将该元素 `href` 属性与表达式 `url` 的值绑定
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```html
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<a v-on:click="doSomething">...</a>
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```
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`v-on` 指令,用于监听 DOM 事件,oSomething 是事件名
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### 指令动态参数 **v2.6**
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```html
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<a v-on:[eventName]="doSomething">...</a>
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```
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当 `eventName` 的值为 `focus` 时,`v-on:[eventName]` 将等价于 `v-on:focus`
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### 指令修饰符
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```html
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<form v-on:submit.prevent="onSubmit">
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...
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</form>
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```
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`.prevent` 修饰符告诉 `v-on` 指令对于触发的事件调用 `event.preventDefault()`
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### 指令缩写
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```html
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<!-- 完整语法 -->
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<a v-bind:href="url">...</a>
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<!-- 缩写 -->
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<a :href="url">...</a>
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<!-- 动态参数的缩写 (2.6.0+) -->
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<a :[key]="url"> ... </a>
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```
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Class 与 Style 绑定
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---
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### 对象语法
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```html
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<div v-bind:class="{ active: isActive }">
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</div>
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```
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传给 `v-bind:class` 一个对象,以动态地切换 `class`
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### 与普通的 class 属性共存
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-3-->
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```html {2}
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<div
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class="static"
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v-bind:class="{
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active: isActive,
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'text-danger': hasError
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}"
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></div>
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```
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如下 data
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```js
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data: {
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isActive: true,
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hasError: false
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}
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```
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结果渲染为
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```html
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<div class="static active"></div>
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```
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### 绑定的数据对象不必内联定义在模板里
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-3-->
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```html
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<div v-bind:class="classObject"></div>
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```
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如下 data
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```js
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data: {
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classObject: {
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active: true,
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'text-danger': false
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}
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}
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```
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结果渲染为
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```html
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<div class="static active"></div>
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```
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### 三元表达式
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```html
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<div v-bind:class="[
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isActive ? activeClass : ''
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]">
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</div>
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```
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### 数组
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```html
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<div v-bind:class="[
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{ active: isActive }, errorClass
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]"></div>
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```
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### 数组语法
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```html
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<div v-bind:class="[
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activeClass, errorClass
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]">
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</div>
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```
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如下 data
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```js
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data: {
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activeClass: 'active',
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errorClass: 'text-danger'
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}
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```
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结果渲染为
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```html
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<div class="active text-danger"></div>
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```
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### 内联样式
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```html
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<div v-bind:style="{
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color: activeColor,
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fontSize: fontSize + 'px'
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}"></div>
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```
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如下 data
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```js
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data: {
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activeColor: 'red',
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fontSize: 30
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}
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```
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结果渲染为
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```html
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<div style="color: red; font-size: 30px;"></div>
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```
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### 内联样式对象通常更好
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```html
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<div v-bind:style="styleObject"></div>
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```
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如下 data
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```js
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data: {
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styleObject: {
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color: 'red',
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fontSize: '13px'
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}
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}
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```
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同样的,对象语法常常结合返回对象的计算属性使用
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### 内联样式数组语法
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```html
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<div v-bind:style="[
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baseStyles, overridingStyles
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]"></div>
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```
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### 内联样式多重值
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```html
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<div :style="{
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display: ['-webkit-box', 'flex']
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}"></div>
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```
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条件渲染
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---
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### v-if
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```html
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<h1 v-if="awesome">Vue is awesome!</h1>
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<h1 v-else>Oh no 😢</h1>
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```
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### v-else-if
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
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```html
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<div v-if="type === 'A'">A</div>
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<div v-else-if="type === 'B'">B</div>
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<div v-else-if="type === 'C'">C</div>
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<div v-else>
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Not A/B/C
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</div>
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```
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`@2.1.0` 新增,必须紧跟在带 `v-if` 或者 `v-else-if` 的元素之后
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### v-else
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
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```html
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<div v-if="Math.random() > 0.5">
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现在你看到我了
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</div>
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<div v-else>
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现在你看不见我了
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</div>
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```
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`v-else` 元素必须紧跟在带 `v-if` 或者 `v-else-if` 的元素的后面
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### \<template> 上使用 v-if 条件渲染分组
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```html
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<template v-if="ok">
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<p>Paragraph 1</p>
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</template>
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```
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### 用 key 管理可复用的元素
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
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```html
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<template v-if="loginType === 'username'">
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<label>Username</label>
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<input placeholder="输入用户名" key="username-input">
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</template>
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<template v-else>
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<label>Email</label>
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<input placeholder="输入邮箱" key="email-input">
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</template>
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```
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### v-show
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```html
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<h1 v-show="ok">
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Hello!
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</h1>
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```
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带有 `v-show` 的元素始终会被渲染并保留在 DOM 中,只是简单地切换元素的 `CSS` 属性 `display`
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列表渲染
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---
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### v-for
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```html {3}
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<ul id="example-1">
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<li
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v-for="item in items"
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:key="item.message">
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{{ item.message }}
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</li>
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</ul>
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```
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```js
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var example1 = new Vue({
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el: '#example-1',
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data: {
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items: [
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{ message: 'Foo' },
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{ message: 'Bar' }
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]
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}
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})
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```
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### v-for 可选的第二个参数(索引)
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```html {2}
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<li v-for="(item, index) in items">
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{{ index }}
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{{ item.message }}
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</li>
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```
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如下 `data`
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```js
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data: {
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items: [
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{ message: 'Foo' },
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{ message: 'Bar' }
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]
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}
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```
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也可以用 `of` 替代 `in` 作为分隔符
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||
```html
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<div v-for="item of items"></div>
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```
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### v-for 使用对象
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
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```html
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<li v-for="value in object">
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{{ value }}
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</li>
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```
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|
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如下 data
|
||
|
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```js
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data: {
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object: {
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title: 'How to do lists in Vue',
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author: 'Jane Doe',
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publishedAt: '2016-04-10'
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}
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||
}
|
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```
|
||
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渲染结果
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
How to do lists in Vue
|
||
Jane Doe
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2016-04-10
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||
```
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提供第二个的参数为 property 名称 (也就是键名)
|
||
|
||
```html
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||
<div v-for="(value, name) in object">
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{{ name }}: {{ value }}
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</div>
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```
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还可以用第三个参数作为索引
|
||
|
||
```html
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||
<div v-for="(value,name,index) in object">
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||
{{ index }}. {{ name }}: {{ value }}
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</div>
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```
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### v-for/v-if
|
||
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||
```html {2,3}
|
||
<li
|
||
v-for="todo in todos"
|
||
v-if="!todo.isComplete"
|
||
>
|
||
{{ todo }}
|
||
</li>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
只渲染未完成的 todo,下面加上 `v-else` 示例
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<ul v-if="todos.length">
|
||
<li v-for="todo in todos">
|
||
{{ todo }}
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p v-else>No todos left!</p>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
注意: `v-for` 和 `v-if` 不推荐一起使用[参考官方文档](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/guide/conditional.html#v-if-与-v-for-一起使用)
|
||
|
||
### 组件上使用 v-for
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<my-component
|
||
v-for="(item, index) in items"
|
||
v-bind:item="item"
|
||
v-bind:index="index"
|
||
v-bind:key="item.id"
|
||
></my-component>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
`2.2.0+` 的版本里,当在组件上使用 `v-for` 时,`key` 现在是必须的
|
||
|
||
事件处理
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
### 监听事件
|
||
|
||
```html {2}
|
||
<div id="example-1">
|
||
<button v-on:click="counter += 1">
|
||
+1
|
||
</button>
|
||
<p>按钮已被点击 {{ counter }} 次。</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
var example1 = new Vue({
|
||
el: '#example-1',
|
||
data: {
|
||
counter: 0
|
||
}
|
||
})
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 事件处理方法
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
||
|
||
```html {3}
|
||
<div id="example-2">
|
||
<!-- `greet` 是在下面定义的方法名 -->
|
||
<button v-on:click="greet">
|
||
你好
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
var example2 = new Vue({
|
||
el: '#example-2',
|
||
data: {
|
||
name: 'Vue.js'
|
||
},
|
||
// 在 `methods` 对象中定义方法
|
||
methods: {
|
||
greet: function (event) {
|
||
// `this` 在方法里指向当前 Vue 实例
|
||
alert('Hello ' + this.name + '!')
|
||
// `event` 是原生 DOM 事件
|
||
if (event) {
|
||
alert(event.target.tagName)
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
})
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
也可以用 JavaScript 直接调用方法
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
example2.greet() // => 'Hello Vue.js!'
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 内联处理器中的方法
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
||
|
||
```html {2,5}
|
||
<div id="example-3">
|
||
<button v-on:click="say('hi')">
|
||
弹出 hi
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button v-on:click="say('what')">
|
||
弹出 what
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```js {4}
|
||
new Vue({
|
||
el: '#example-3',
|
||
methods: {
|
||
say: function (message) {
|
||
alert(message)
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
})
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
访问原始的 DOM 事件,用特殊变量 $event
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<button v-on:click="say('what', $event)">
|
||
提交
|
||
</button>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
methods: {
|
||
say: function (message, event) {
|
||
// 现在我们可以访问原生事件对象
|
||
if (event) {
|
||
event.preventDefault()
|
||
}
|
||
alert(message)
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 事件修饰符
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<!-- 阻止单击事件继续传播 -->
|
||
<a v-on:click.stop="doThis"></a>
|
||
<!-- 提交事件不再重载页面 -->
|
||
<form v-on:submit.prevent="submit"></form>
|
||
<!-- 修饰符可以串联 -->
|
||
<a v-on:click.stop.prevent="doThat"></a>
|
||
<!-- 只有修饰符 -->
|
||
<form v-on:submit.prevent></form>
|
||
<!-- 添加事件监听器时使用事件捕获模式 -->
|
||
<!-- 即内部元素触发的事件先在此处理 -->
|
||
<!-- 然后交由内部元素进行处理 -->
|
||
<div v-on:click.capture="doThis">...</div>
|
||
<!-- 当 event.target 是当前元素自身时触发 -->
|
||
<!-- 即事件不是从内部元素触发的 -->
|
||
<div v-on:click.self="doThat">...</div>
|
||
<!-- 点击事件将只会触发一次 -->
|
||
<a v-on:click.once="doThis"></a>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 事件修饰符 passive
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<!-- 滚动事件的默认行为(即滚动行为)会立即触发 -->
|
||
<!-- 而不会等待 `onScroll` 完成 -->
|
||
<!-- 包含 event.preventDefault() 的情况 -->
|
||
<p v-on:scroll.passive="onScroll">
|
||
...
|
||
</p>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
这个 `.passive` [修饰符](#v-on-事件修饰符)尤其能够提升移动端的性能。
|
||
|
||
### 按键修饰符
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<!-- 在 key 是 Enter 时调用 vm.submit() -->
|
||
<input v-on:keyup.enter="submit">
|
||
<!-- 在 key 是 PageDown 时被调用 -->
|
||
<input v-on:keyup.page-down="onPageDown">
|
||
<!-- Alt + C -->
|
||
<input v-on:keyup.alt.67="clear">
|
||
<!-- Ctrl + Click -->
|
||
<div v-on:click.ctrl="doSomething">
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### .exact 修饰符
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<!-- 即使 Alt 或 Shift 被一同按下时也会触发 -->
|
||
<button v-on:click.ctrl="onClick">
|
||
<!-- 有且只有 Ctrl 被按下的时候才触发 -->
|
||
<button v-on:click.ctrl.exact="ctrlClick">
|
||
<!-- 没有任何系统修饰符被按下的时候才触发 -->
|
||
<button v-on:click.exact="onClick">
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
计算属性和侦听器
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
### 基础例子
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<div id="example">
|
||
<p>Original message: "{{ message }}"</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
计算的反向消息: "{{ reversedMessage }}"
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
var vm = new Vue({
|
||
el: '#example',
|
||
data: {
|
||
message: 'Hello'
|
||
},
|
||
computed: {
|
||
// 计算属性的 getter
|
||
reversedMessage: function () {
|
||
// `this` 指向 vm 实例
|
||
return this.message.split('')
|
||
.reverse().join('')
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
})
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 计算属性缓存 vs 方法
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<p>
|
||
计算的反向消息:"{{ reversedMessage() }}"
|
||
</p>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
在组件中,我们可以将同一函数定义为一个方法而不是一个计算属性
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
methods: {
|
||
reversedMessage: function () {
|
||
return this.message.split('')
|
||
.reverse().join('')
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
两种方式的最终结果确实是完全相同的。然而,不同的是**计算属性是基于它们的响应式依赖进行缓存的**。
|
||
|
||
### 计算属性 vs 侦听属性
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<div id="demo">{{ fullName }}</div>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
var vm = new Vue({
|
||
el: '#demo',
|
||
data: {
|
||
firstName: 'Foo',
|
||
lastName: 'Bar',
|
||
fullName: 'Foo Bar'
|
||
},
|
||
watch: {
|
||
firstName: function (val) {
|
||
this.fullName =
|
||
val + ' ' + this.lastName
|
||
},
|
||
lastName: function (val) {
|
||
this.fullName =
|
||
this.firstName + ' ' + val
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
})
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
上面代码是命令式且重复的。将它与计算属性的版本进行比较:
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
var vm = new Vue({
|
||
el: '#demo',
|
||
data: {
|
||
firstName: 'Foo',
|
||
lastName: 'Bar'
|
||
},
|
||
computed: {
|
||
fullName: function () {
|
||
return this.firstName
|
||
+ ' ' + this.lastName
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
})
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 计算属性的 setter
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
computed: {
|
||
fullName: {
|
||
get: function () { // getter
|
||
return this.firstName + ' ' + this.lastName
|
||
},
|
||
set: function (newValue) { // setter
|
||
var names = newValue.split(' ')
|
||
this.firstName = names[0]
|
||
this.lastName = names[names.length - 1]
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
表单输入绑定
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
### 文本
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<input v-model="msg" placeholder="编辑我">
|
||
<p>msg is: {{ msg }}</p>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 多行文本
|
||
|
||
```html {3}
|
||
<span>Multiline message is:</span>
|
||
<textarea
|
||
v-model="message"
|
||
placeholder="添加多行"></textarea>
|
||
<p>{{ message }}</p>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 复选框
|
||
|
||
```html {4}
|
||
<input
|
||
type="checkbox"
|
||
id="checkbox"
|
||
v-model="checked"
|
||
>
|
||
<label for="checkbox">{{ checked}}</label>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 多个复选框
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<input type="checkbox" id="jack" value="Jack" v-model="checkedNames">
|
||
<label for="jack">Jack</label>
|
||
<input type="checkbox" id="john" value="John" v-model="checkedNames">
|
||
<label for="john">John</label>
|
||
<input type="checkbox" id="mike" value="Mike" v-model="checkedNames">
|
||
<label for="mike">Mike</label>
|
||
<br>
|
||
<span>Checked names: {{ checkedNames }}</span>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
如下 data
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
new Vue({
|
||
el: '...',
|
||
data: {
|
||
checkedNames: []
|
||
}
|
||
})
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 单选按钮
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<div id="example-4">
|
||
<input type="radio" id="one" value="One"
|
||
v-model="picked">
|
||
<label for="one">One</label>
|
||
<br>
|
||
<input type="radio" id="two" value="Two"
|
||
v-model="picked">
|
||
<label for="two">Two</label>
|
||
<div>Picked: {{ picked }}</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
new Vue({
|
||
el: '#example-4',
|
||
data: {
|
||
picked: ''
|
||
}
|
||
})
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 选择框
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<select v-model="selected">
|
||
<option disabled value="">请选择</option>
|
||
<option>A</option>
|
||
<option>B</option>
|
||
<option>C</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
<span>Selected: {{ selected }}</span>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
new Vue({
|
||
el: '...',
|
||
data: {
|
||
selected: ''
|
||
}
|
||
})
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 选择框(数组)
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<select v-model="selected" multiple>
|
||
<option>A</option>
|
||
<option>B</option>
|
||
<option>C</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
<div>Selected: {{ selected }}</div>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
new Vue({
|
||
el: '...',
|
||
data: {
|
||
selected: []
|
||
}
|
||
})
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### v-for 渲染的动态选项
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
||
|
||
```html {3-4}
|
||
<select v-model="selected">
|
||
<option
|
||
v-for="option in options"
|
||
v-bind:value="option.value"
|
||
>
|
||
{{ option.text }}
|
||
</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
<span>Selected: {{ selected }}</span>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
```js {6-8}
|
||
new Vue({
|
||
el: '...',
|
||
data: {
|
||
selected: 'A',
|
||
options: [
|
||
{ text: 'One', value: 'A' },
|
||
{ text: 'Two', value: 'B' },
|
||
{ text: 'Three', value: 'C' }
|
||
]
|
||
}
|
||
})
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 值绑定
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<!-- 当选中时,pc 为字符串 "a" -->
|
||
<input type="radio" v-model="pc" value="a">
|
||
|
||
<!-- toggle 为 true 或 false -->
|
||
<input type="checkbox" v-model="toggle">
|
||
<!-- 选中第一个选项时selected为字符串 abc -->
|
||
<select v-model="selected">
|
||
<option value="abc">ABC</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 单选按钮
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<input
|
||
type="radio"
|
||
v-model="pick"
|
||
v-bind:value="a">
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
当选中时
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
vm.pick === vm.a
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 复选框
|
||
|
||
```html {3}
|
||
<input
|
||
type="checkbox"
|
||
v-model="toggle"
|
||
true-value="yes"
|
||
false-value="no"
|
||
>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
// 当选中时
|
||
vm.toggle === 'yes'
|
||
// 当没有选中时
|
||
vm.toggle === 'no'
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 选择框的选项
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<select v-model="selected">
|
||
<!-- 内联对象字面量 -->
|
||
<option v-bind:value="{ number: 123 }">
|
||
123
|
||
</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
当选中时
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
typeof vm.selected // => 'object'
|
||
vm.selected.number // => 123
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 修饰符
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<!-- lazy:在“change”时而非“input”时更新 -->
|
||
<input v-model.lazy="msg">
|
||
|
||
<!-- number:自动将用户的输入值转为数值类型 -->
|
||
<input v-model.number="age" type="number">
|
||
|
||
<!-- trim:自动过滤用户输入的首尾空白字符 -->
|
||
<input v-model.trim="msg">
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
组件基础
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
### 单文件组件
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-3-->
|
||
|
||
- 将 `HTML`/`CSS`/`JS` 三部分存放到一个 `Hello.vue` 文件中
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<template>
|
||
<p>{{ title }} World!</p>
|
||
</template>
|
||
<script>
|
||
export default {
|
||
name: 'Hello',
|
||
props: {
|
||
title: {
|
||
type: String,
|
||
default: 'Hello'
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
data: function() {
|
||
return {
|
||
greeting: "Hello"
|
||
};
|
||
}
|
||
};
|
||
</script>
|
||
<style scoped>
|
||
p {
|
||
font-size: 2em;
|
||
text-align: center;
|
||
}
|
||
</style>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- 使用 `Hello.vue` 组件
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<script>
|
||
import Vue from "vue";
|
||
import Hello from "./Hello";
|
||
|
||
export default {
|
||
components: { Hello }
|
||
}
|
||
</script>
|
||
<template>
|
||
<div>
|
||
<Hello :title="'aaaa'"></Hello>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</template>
|
||
```
|
||
<!--rehype:className=style-timeline-->
|
||
|
||
### 基本示例
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
Vue.component('button-counter', {
|
||
data: function () {
|
||
return {
|
||
count: 0
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
template: `
|
||
<button v-on:click="count++">
|
||
你点击了我 {{ count }} 次
|
||
</button>
|
||
`
|
||
})
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
组件是可复用的 `Vue` 实例
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<div id="components-demo">
|
||
<button-counter></button-counter>
|
||
</div>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
new Vue({
|
||
el: '#components-demo'
|
||
})
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
组件的复用
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<div id="components-demo">
|
||
<button-counter></button-counter>
|
||
<button-counter></button-counter>
|
||
<button-counter></button-counter>
|
||
</div>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 单个根元素
|
||
|
||
```js {4}
|
||
Vue.component('blog-post', {
|
||
props: ['post'],
|
||
template: `
|
||
<div class="blog-post">
|
||
<h3>{{ post.title }}</h3>
|
||
<div v-html="post.content"></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
`
|
||
})
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<blog-post
|
||
v-for="post in posts"
|
||
v-bind:key="post.id"
|
||
v-bind:post="post"
|
||
>
|
||
</blog-post>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 向子组件传递数据
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
Vue.component('blog-post', {
|
||
props: ['title'],
|
||
template: '<h3>{{ title }}</h3>'
|
||
})
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
当值传递给一个 `prop` `attribute` 的时候,变成了组件实例的一个 `property`
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<blog-post title="写博客"></blog-post>
|
||
<blog-post title="如此有趣"></blog-post>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### `data` 必须是一个函数
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
data: function () {
|
||
return {
|
||
count: 0
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
组件的 `data` 选项必须是一个函数
|
||
|
||
### 监听子组件事件
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
||
|
||
```js {7}
|
||
Vue.component('blog-post', {
|
||
props: ['post'],
|
||
template: `
|
||
<div class="blog-post">
|
||
<h3>{{ post.title }}</h3>
|
||
<button
|
||
v-on:click="$emit('enlarge-txt')"
|
||
>放大文字
|
||
</button>
|
||
<div v-html="post.content"></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
`
|
||
})
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
```html {3}
|
||
<blog-post
|
||
...
|
||
v-on:enlarge-text="postFontSize += 0.1"
|
||
></blog-post>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
可以使用 `$emit` 的第二个参数来提供这个值
|
||
|
||
```html {2}
|
||
<button
|
||
v-on:click="$emit('enlarge-text', 0.1)"
|
||
>
|
||
Enlarge text
|
||
</button>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
通过 `$event` 访问到被抛出的这个值
|
||
|
||
```html {3}
|
||
<blog-post
|
||
...
|
||
v-on:enlarge-text="postFontSize += $event"
|
||
></blog-post>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
如果这个事件处理函数是一个方法
|
||
|
||
```html {3}
|
||
<blog-post
|
||
...
|
||
v-on:enlarge-text="onEnlargeText"
|
||
></blog-post>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
那么这个值将会作为第一个参数传入这个方法
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
methods: {
|
||
onEnlargeText: function(enlargeAmount) {
|
||
this.postFontSize += enlargeAmount
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 在组件上使用 v-model
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
|
||
|
||
自定义事件也可以用于创建支持 `v-model` 的自定义输入组件。
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<input v-model="searchText">
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
等价于
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<input
|
||
v-bind:value="searchText"
|
||
v-on:input="searchText = $event.target.value"
|
||
>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
当用在组件上时,v-model 则会这样:
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<custom-input
|
||
v-bind:value="searchText"
|
||
v-on:input="searchText = $event"
|
||
></custom-input>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
为了让它正常工作,这个组件内的 \<input> 必须:
|
||
|
||
- 将其 `value` attribute 绑定到一个名叫 `value` 的 `prop` 上
|
||
- 在其 `input` 事件被触发时,将新的值通过自定义的 `input` 事件抛出
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
Vue.component('custom-input', {
|
||
props: ['value'],
|
||
template: `
|
||
<input
|
||
v-bind:value="value"
|
||
v-on:input="$emit('input', $event.target.value)"
|
||
>
|
||
`
|
||
})
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
现在 `v-model` 就应该可以在这个组件上完美地工作起来了
|
||
|
||
```html {2}
|
||
<custom-input
|
||
v-model="searchText"
|
||
>
|
||
</custom-input>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 通过插槽分发内容
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<alert-box>
|
||
发生了不好的事情。
|
||
</alert-box>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
```js {5}
|
||
Vue.component('alert-box', {
|
||
template: `
|
||
<div class="demo-alert-box">
|
||
<strong>Error!</strong>
|
||
<slot></slot>
|
||
</div>
|
||
`
|
||
})
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 动态组件示例
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2 row-span-2-->
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<div id="dynamic-component-demo" class="demo">
|
||
<button
|
||
v-for="tab in tabs"
|
||
v-bind:key="tab"
|
||
v-bind:class="['tab-button', { active: currentTab === tab }]"
|
||
v-on:click="currentTab = tab"
|
||
>
|
||
{{ tab }}
|
||
</button>
|
||
<component v-bind:is="currentTabComponent" class="tab"></component>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<script>
|
||
Vue.component("tab-home", {
|
||
template: "<div>Home component</div>"
|
||
});
|
||
Vue.component("tab-posts", {
|
||
template: "<div>Posts component</div>"
|
||
});
|
||
Vue.component("tab-archive", {
|
||
template: "<div>Archive component</div>"
|
||
});
|
||
new Vue({
|
||
el: "#dynamic-component-demo",
|
||
data: {
|
||
currentTab: "Home",
|
||
tabs: ["Home", "Posts", "Archive"]
|
||
},
|
||
computed: {
|
||
currentTabComponent: function() {
|
||
return "tab-" + this.currentTab.toLowerCase();
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
</script>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 解析 DOM 模板时的注意事项
|
||
|
||
有些 HTML 元素,诸如 `<ul>`、`<ol>`、`<table>` 和 `<select>`,对于哪些元素可以出现在其内部是有严格限制的。有些元素,诸如 `<li>`、`<tr>` 和 `<option>`,只能出现在其它某些特定的元素内部
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<table>
|
||
<blog-post-row></blog-post-row>
|
||
</table>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
`<blog-post-row>` 会被作为无效的内容提升到外部
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
如果我们从以下来源使用模板的话,这条限制是不存在的
|
||
|
||
- 字符串 (例如:`template: '...'`)
|
||
- 单文件组件 (`.vue`)
|
||
- `<script type="text/x-template">`
|
||
<!--rehype:className=style-round-->
|
||
|
||
过渡 & 动画
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
### 单元素/组件的过渡
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<template>
|
||
<button v-on:click="show = !show">
|
||
切换
|
||
</button>
|
||
<transition name="fade">
|
||
<p v-if="show">切换内容</p>
|
||
</transition>
|
||
</template>
|
||
|
||
<script>
|
||
export default {
|
||
data: function() {
|
||
return {
|
||
show: true
|
||
};
|
||
}
|
||
};
|
||
</script>
|
||
|
||
<style scoped>
|
||
.fade-enter-active, .fade-leave-active {
|
||
transition: opacity .5s;
|
||
}
|
||
/* .fade-leave-active 低于 2.1.8 版本 */
|
||
.fade-enter, .fade-leave-to {
|
||
opacity: 0;
|
||
}
|
||
</style>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### CSS 过渡
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<template>
|
||
<button @click="show = !show">
|
||
切换渲染
|
||
</button>
|
||
<transition name="slide-fade">
|
||
<p v-if="show">切换内容</p>
|
||
</transition>
|
||
</template>
|
||
<script>
|
||
export default {
|
||
data: function() {
|
||
return {
|
||
show: true
|
||
};
|
||
}
|
||
};
|
||
</script>
|
||
<style scoped>
|
||
/* 可以设置不同的进入和离开动画 */
|
||
/* 设置持续时间和动画函数 */
|
||
.slide-fade-enter-active {
|
||
transition: all .3s ease;
|
||
}
|
||
.slide-fade-leave-active {
|
||
transition: all .8s cubic-bezier(1.0, 0.5, 0.8, 1.0);
|
||
}
|
||
/* .slide-fade-leave-active 用于 2.1.8 以下版本 */
|
||
.slide-fade-enter, .slide-fade-leave-to {
|
||
transform: translateX(10px);
|
||
opacity: 0;
|
||
}
|
||
</style>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### CSS 动画
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<template>
|
||
<button @click="show = !show">切换展示</button>
|
||
<transition name="bounce">
|
||
<p v-if="show">切换内容</p>
|
||
</transition>
|
||
</template>
|
||
<script>
|
||
export default {
|
||
data: function() {
|
||
return {
|
||
show: true
|
||
};
|
||
}
|
||
};
|
||
</script>
|
||
<style scoped>
|
||
.bounce-enter-active {
|
||
animation: bounce-in .5s;
|
||
}
|
||
.bounce-leave-active {
|
||
animation: bounce-in .5s reverse;
|
||
}
|
||
@keyframes bounce-in {
|
||
0% {
|
||
transform: scale(0);
|
||
}
|
||
50% {
|
||
transform: scale(1.5);
|
||
}
|
||
100% {
|
||
transform: scale(1);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
</style>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 过渡的类名
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
||
|
||
:- | :-
|
||
:- | :-
|
||
`v-enter` | 定义进入过渡的开始状态 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/guide/transitions.html#过渡的类名)
|
||
`v-enter-active` | 定义进入过渡生效时的状态 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/guide/transitions.html#过渡的类名)
|
||
`v-enter-to` _(2.1.8)_ | 定义进入过渡的结束状态 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/guide/transitions.html#过渡的类名)
|
||
`v-leave` | 定义离开过渡的开始状态 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/guide/transitions.html#过渡的类名)
|
||
`v-leave-active` | 定义离开过渡生效时的状态 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/guide/transitions.html#过渡的类名)
|
||
`v-leave-to` _(2.1.8)_| 定义离开过渡的结束状态 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/guide/transitions.html#过渡的类名)
|
||
|
||
如果你使用了 `<transition name="my-tran">`,那么 `v-enter` 会替换为 `my-tran-enter`。
|
||
|
||
#### 自定义过渡的类名
|
||
|
||
:- | :-
|
||
:- | :-
|
||
`enter-class` | [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/guide/transitions.html#自定义过渡的类名)
|
||
`enter-active-class` | [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/guide/transitions.html#自定义过渡的类名)
|
||
`enter-to-class` _(2.1.8+)_ | [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/guide/transitions.html#自定义过渡的类名)
|
||
`leave-class` | [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/guide/transitions.html#自定义过渡的类名)
|
||
`leave-active-class` | [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/guide/transitions.html#自定义过渡的类名)
|
||
`leave-to-class` _(2.1.8+)_ | [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/guide/transitions.html#自定义过渡的类名)
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<transition
|
||
name="custom-classes-transition"
|
||
enter-active-class="animated tada"
|
||
leave-active-class="animated bounceOutRight"
|
||
>
|
||
<p v-if="show">hello</p>
|
||
</transition>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 显性的过渡持续时间
|
||
|
||
`<transition>` 组件上的 `duration` prop 定制一个显性的过渡持续时间 (以毫秒计):
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<transition :duration="1000">
|
||
...
|
||
</transition>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
你也可以定制进入和移出的持续时间:
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<transition :duration="{
|
||
enter: 500,
|
||
leave: 800
|
||
}">
|
||
...
|
||
</transition>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 初始渲染的过渡
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
||
|
||
可以通过 `appear` attribute 设置节点在初始渲染的过渡
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<transition appear>
|
||
<!-- ... -->
|
||
</transition>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
这里默认和进入/离开过渡一样,同样也可以自定义 CSS 类名
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<transition
|
||
appear
|
||
appear-class="custom-appear-class"
|
||
appear-to-class="custom-appear-to-class"
|
||
appear-active-class="custom-appear-active-class"
|
||
>
|
||
<!-- ... -->
|
||
</transition>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
自定义 JavaScript 钩子:
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<transition
|
||
appear
|
||
v-on:before-appear="customBeforeAppearHook"
|
||
v-on:appear="customAppearHook"
|
||
v-on:after-appear="customAfterAppearHook"
|
||
v-on:appear-cancelled="customAppearCancelledHook"
|
||
>
|
||
<!-- ... -->
|
||
</transition>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
无论是 `appear` attribute 还是 `v-on:appear` 钩子都会生成初始渲染过渡
|
||
|
||
### JavaScript 钩子
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<transition
|
||
v-on:before-enter="beforeEnter"
|
||
v-on:enter="enter"
|
||
v-on:after-enter="afterEnter"
|
||
v-on:enter-cancelled="enterCancelled"
|
||
|
||
v-on:before-leave="beforeLeave"
|
||
v-on:leave="leave"
|
||
v-on:after-leave="afterLeave"
|
||
v-on:leave-cancelled="leaveCancelled"
|
||
>
|
||
<!-- ... -->
|
||
</transition>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
钩子函数可以结合 CSS `transitions`/`animations` 使用,也可以单独使用
|
||
|
||
### 列表的进入/离开过渡
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<template>
|
||
<button v-on:click="add">添加</button>
|
||
<button v-on:click="remove">删除</button>
|
||
<transition-group name="list" tag="p">
|
||
<span v-for="item in items" v-bind:key="item" class="list-item">
|
||
{{ item }}
|
||
</span>
|
||
</transition-group>
|
||
</template>
|
||
<script>
|
||
export default {
|
||
data: function() {
|
||
return {
|
||
items: [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9],
|
||
nextNum: 10
|
||
};
|
||
},
|
||
methods: {
|
||
randomIndex: function () {
|
||
return Math.floor(Math.random() * this.items.length)
|
||
},
|
||
add: function () {
|
||
this.items.splice(this.randomIndex(), 0, this.nextNum++)
|
||
},
|
||
remove: function () {
|
||
this.items.splice(this.randomIndex(), 1)
|
||
},
|
||
}
|
||
};
|
||
</script>
|
||
<style scoped>
|
||
.list-item {
|
||
display: inline-block;
|
||
margin-right: 10px;
|
||
}
|
||
.list-enter-active, .list-leave-active {
|
||
transition: all 1s;
|
||
}
|
||
/* .list-leave-active 适用于 2.1.8 以下版本 */
|
||
.list-enter, .list-leave-to {
|
||
opacity: 0;
|
||
transform: translateY(30px);
|
||
}
|
||
</style>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Vue 2 API 参考
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
### 全局配置
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
||
|
||
:- | :-
|
||
:- | :-
|
||
`silent` | 取消所有的日志与警告 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#silent)
|
||
`optionMergeStrategies` | 自定义合并策略的选项 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#optionMergeStrategies)
|
||
`devtools` | 是否允许 [devtools](https://github.com/vuejs/vue-devtools) 检查 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#devtools)
|
||
`errorHandler` | 未捕获错误的处理函数 _(开发模式生效)_ [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#errorHandler)
|
||
`warnHandler` _(2.4.0)_ | 运行时警告处理函数 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#warnHandler)
|
||
`ignoredElements` | 忽略 Vue 之外的 _(自定义元素)_ [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#ignoredElements)
|
||
`keyCodes` | `v-on` 自定义键位别名 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#keyCodes)
|
||
`performance` _(2.2.0)_ | 性能追踪 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#performance)
|
||
`productionTip` _(2.2.0)_ | 是否生成生产提示 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#productionTip)
|
||
|
||
### 全局 API
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
||
|
||
:- | :-
|
||
:- | :-
|
||
`Vue.extend` | Vue 构造器,创建一个“子类” [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#Vue-extend)
|
||
`Vue.nextTick` | 执行延迟回调 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#Vue-nextTick)
|
||
`Vue.set` | 向响应式对象中添加一个属性 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#Vue-set)
|
||
`Vue.delete` | 删除对象的 property [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#Vue-delete)
|
||
`Vue.directive` | 注册或获取全局指令 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#Vue-directive)
|
||
`Vue.filter` | 注册或获取全局过滤器 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#Vue-filter)
|
||
`Vue.component` | 注册或获取全局组件 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#Vue-component)
|
||
`Vue.use` | 安装 Vue.js 插件 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#Vue-use)
|
||
`Vue.mixin` | 全局注册一个混入 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#Vue-mixin)
|
||
`Vue.compile` | 将模板字符串编译成 render 函数 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#Vue-compile)
|
||
`Vue.observable` _(2.6.0)_ | 让一个对象可响应 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#Vue-observable)
|
||
`Vue.version` | Vue 安装版本号 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#Vue-version)
|
||
|
||
### 数据
|
||
|
||
:- | :-
|
||
:- | :-
|
||
`data` | 实例的数据对象 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#data)
|
||
`props` | 接收来自父组件的数据 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#props)
|
||
`propsData` | 创建实例时传递 props [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#propsData)
|
||
`computed` | 计算属性将被混入到 Vue 实例中 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#computed)
|
||
`methods` | 将被混入到 Vue 实例中 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#methods)
|
||
`watch` | 对象键是观察的表达式,值是回调函数 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#watch)
|
||
|
||
### DOM
|
||
|
||
:- | :-
|
||
:- | :-
|
||
`el` | 实例的挂载目标 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#el)
|
||
`template` | 字符串模板作为 Vue 实例的标识使用 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#template)
|
||
`render` | 字符串模板的代替方案 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#render)
|
||
`renderError` _(2.2.0)_ | `render`错误时提供另一种渲染 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#renderError)
|
||
|
||
### 生命周期钩子
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
||
|
||
:- | :-
|
||
:- | :-
|
||
`beforeCreate` | 实例初始化之后 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#beforeCreate)
|
||
`created` | 实例创建完成后被立即同步调用 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#created)
|
||
`beforeMount` | 在挂载开始之前被调用 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#beforeMount)
|
||
`mounted` | 实例被挂载后调用 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#mounted)
|
||
`beforeUpdate` | 数据改变后 DOM 更新之前调用 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#beforeUpdate)
|
||
`updated` | 数据更改更新完毕之后被调用 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#updated)
|
||
`activated` | keep-alive 缓存组件激活时调用 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#activated)
|
||
`deactivated` | keep-alive 缓存的组件失活时调用 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#deactivated)
|
||
`beforeDestroy` | 实例销毁之前调用 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#beforeDestroy)
|
||
`destroyed` | 实例销毁后调用 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#destroyed)
|
||
`errorCaptured` _(2.5.0)_ | 来自后代组件的错误时被调用 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#errorCaptured)
|
||
|
||
### 资源
|
||
|
||
:- | :-
|
||
:- | :-
|
||
`directives` | 包含 Vue 实例可用指令的哈希表 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#directives)
|
||
`filters` | 包含 Vue 实例可用过滤器的哈希表 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#filters)
|
||
`components` | 包含 Vue 实例可用组件的哈希表 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#components)
|
||
|
||
### 组合
|
||
|
||
:- | :-
|
||
:- | :-
|
||
`parent` | 指定已创建的实例之父实例 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#parent)
|
||
`mixins` | 接收一个混入对象的数组 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#mixins)
|
||
`extends` | 声明扩展另一个组件 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#extends)
|
||
`provide/inject` _(2.2.0)_ | 祖组件向所有子孙后代注入依赖 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#provide-inject)
|
||
|
||
### 其它
|
||
|
||
:- | :-
|
||
:- | :-
|
||
`name` | 允许组件模板递归地调用自身 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#name)
|
||
`delimiters` | 改变纯文本插入分隔符 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#delimiters)
|
||
`functional` | 使组件无状态和无实例 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#functional)
|
||
`model` _(2.2.0)_ | 使用 v-model 时定制 prop 和 event [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#model)
|
||
`inheritAttrs` _(2.4.0)_ | [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#inheritAttrs)
|
||
`comments` _(2.4.0)_ | 是否保留模板中的`HTML`注释 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#comments)
|
||
|
||
### 实例方法 / 数据
|
||
|
||
:- | :-
|
||
:- | :-
|
||
`vm.$watch` | 观察 Vue 实例上的一个表达式<br/>或者一个函数计算结果的变化 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#vm-watch)
|
||
`vm.$set` | 全局 `Vue.set` 的别名 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#vm-set)
|
||
`vm.$delete` | 全局 `Vue.delete` 的别名 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#vm-delete)
|
||
|
||
### 实例 property
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-3-->
|
||
|
||
:- | :-
|
||
:- | :-
|
||
`vm.$data` | 观察的数据对象 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#vm-data)
|
||
`vm.$props` _(2.2.0)_ | 组件接收的 props 对象 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#vm-props)
|
||
`vm.$el` | 实例使用的根 DOM 元素 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#vm-el)
|
||
`vm.$options` | 实例的初始化选项 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#vm-options)
|
||
`vm.$parent` | 父实例 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#vm-parent)
|
||
`vm.$root` | 当前组件树的根实例 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#vm-root)
|
||
`vm.$children` | 当前实例的直接子组件 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#vm-children)
|
||
`vm.$slots` | 访问被插槽分发的内容 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#vm-slots)
|
||
`vm.$scopedSlots` _(2.1.0)_ | 访问作用域插槽 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#vm-scopedSlots)
|
||
`vm.$refs` | DOM 元素和组件实例 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#vm-refs)
|
||
`vm.$isServer` | 是否运行于服务器 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#vm-isServer)
|
||
`vm.$attrs` _(2.4.0)_ | 包含父作用域中不作为 prop 被识别的属性绑定 ( [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#vm-attrs)
|
||
`vm.$listeners` _(2.4.0)_ | 包含了父作用域中的 (不含 .native 修饰器的) `v-on` 事件监听器 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#vm-listeners)
|
||
|
||
### 实例方法 / 事件
|
||
|
||
:- | :-
|
||
:- | :-
|
||
`vm.$on` | 监听当前实例上的自定义事件 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#vm-on)
|
||
`vm.$once` | 监听一个自定义事件,只触发一次 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#vm-once)
|
||
`vm.$off` | 移除自定义事件监听器 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#vm-off)
|
||
`vm.$emit` | 触发当前实例上的事 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#vm-emit)
|
||
|
||
### 实例方法 / 生命周期
|
||
|
||
:- | :-
|
||
:- | :-
|
||
`vm.$mount` | 手动地挂载一个未挂载的实例 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#vm-mount)
|
||
`vm.$forceUpdate` | 迫使 Vue 实例重新渲染 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#vm-forceUpdate)
|
||
`vm.$nextTick` | 回调延迟执行 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#vm-nextTick)
|
||
`vm.$destroy` | 完全销毁一个实例 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#vm-destroy)
|
||
|
||
### 指令
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
||
|
||
:- | :-
|
||
:- | :-
|
||
`v-text` | 更新元素的 `textContent` [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#v-text)
|
||
`v-html` | 更新元素的 `innerHTML` [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#v-html)
|
||
`v-show` | 切换元素的 `display` css 属性 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#v-show)
|
||
`v-if` | 有条件地渲染元素 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#v-if)
|
||
`v-else` | [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#v-else)
|
||
`v-else-if` _(2.1.0)_ | [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#v-else-if)
|
||
`v-for` | 多次渲染元素或模板块 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#v-for)
|
||
`v-on` | 绑定事件监听器 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#v-on)
|
||
`v-bind` | 动态地绑定一个或多个属性 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#v-bind)
|
||
`v-model` | 创建双向绑定 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#v-model)
|
||
`v-slot` | 提供插槽或接收 prop 的插槽 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#v-slot)
|
||
`v-pre` | 跳过元素和它的子元素编译过程 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#v-pre)
|
||
`v-cloak` | 保持在元素上直到实例结束编译 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#v-cloak)
|
||
`v-once` | 只渲染元素和组件一次 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#v-once)
|
||
|
||
### 特殊 attribute
|
||
|
||
:- | :-
|
||
:- | :-
|
||
`key` | 用在 Vue 的虚拟 DOM 算法 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#key)
|
||
`ref` | 元素或子组件注册引用信息 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#ref)
|
||
`is` | 限制是否更新 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#is)
|
||
~~`slot`~~ | 推荐 2.6.0 新增的 `v-slot` [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#slot-废弃)
|
||
~~`slot-scope`~~ | 推荐 2.6.0 新增的 `v-slot` [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#slot-scope-废弃)
|
||
~~`scope`~~ | `2.5.0` 新增的 `slot-scope` 取代 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#scope-移除)
|
||
|
||
### 内置的组件
|
||
|
||
:- | :-
|
||
:- | :-
|
||
`<component>` | 渲染一个`元组件`为动态组件 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#component)
|
||
`<transition>` | 单个元素/组件的过渡效果 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#transition)
|
||
`<transition-group>` | 多个元素/组件的过渡效果 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#transition-group)
|
||
`<keep-alive>` | 不活动的实例缓存不销毁 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#keep-alive)
|
||
`<slot>` | 组件模板中的内容分发插槽 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#slot)
|
||
|
||
### v-on (事件)修饰符
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
||
|
||
:- | :-
|
||
:- | :-
|
||
`v-on:click.stop` [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#v-on) | 调用 event.stopPropagation()。
|
||
`v-on:click.prevent` [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#v-on) | 调用 event.preventDefault()。
|
||
`v-on:click.capture` [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#v-on) | 添加事件侦听器时使用 capture 模式。
|
||
`v-on:click.self` [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#v-on) | 只当事件是从侦听器绑定的元素本身触发时才触发回调。
|
||
`v-on:click.{keyCode\|keyAlias}` [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#v-on) | 只当事件是从特定键触发时才触发回调。
|
||
`v-on:click.native` [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#v-on) | 监听组件根元素的原生事件。
|
||
`v-on:click.once` [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#v-on) | 只触发一次回调。
|
||
`v-on:click.passive` _(2.3.0)_ [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#v-on) | 以 { passive: true } 模式添加侦听器
|
||
<!--rehype:className=style-list-->
|
||
|
||
### v-on (鼠标)修饰符
|
||
|
||
:- | :-
|
||
:- | :-
|
||
`v-on:click.left` [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#v-on) | 只当点击鼠标左键时触发
|
||
`v-on:click.right` [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#v-on) | 只当点击鼠标右键时触发
|
||
`v-on:click.middle` [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#v-on) | 只当点击鼠标中键时触发
|
||
|
||
在 _(2.2.0)_ 中新增
|
||
|
||
### 系统修饰键
|
||
|
||
:- | :-
|
||
:- | :-
|
||
`v-on:keyup.ctrl` _(2.1.0)_ | [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/guide/events.html#系统修饰键)
|
||
`v-on:keyup.alt` _(2.1.0)_ | [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/guide/events.html#系统修饰键)
|
||
`v-on:keyup.shift` _(2.1.0)_ | [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/guide/events.html#系统修饰键)
|
||
`v-on:keyup.meta` _(2.1.0)_ | [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/guide/events.html#系统修饰键)
|
||
|
||
### Keyboard 按键修饰符
|
||
|
||
:- | :-
|
||
:- | :-
|
||
`v-on:keyup.enter` | [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/guide/events.html#按键修饰符)
|
||
`v-on:keyup.tab` | [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/guide/events.html#按键修饰符)
|
||
`v-on:keyup.delete` | 捕获“删除”和“退格”键 [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/guide/events.html#按键修饰符)
|
||
`v-on:keyup.esc` | [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/guide/events.html#按键修饰符)
|
||
`v-on:keyup.space` | [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/guide/events.html#按键修饰符)
|
||
`v-on:keyup.up` | [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/guide/events.html#按键修饰符)
|
||
`v-on:keyup.down` | [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/guide/events.html#按键修饰符)
|
||
`v-on:keyup.left` | [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/guide/events.html#按键修饰符)
|
||
`v-on:keyup.right` | [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/guide/events.html#按键修饰符)
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### v-bind 修饰符
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:- | :-
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:- | :-
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`v-bind.prop` [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#v-bind) | 作为一个 DOM property 绑定而不是作为 attribute 绑定。([差别在哪里?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6003819/properties-and-attributes-in-html#answer-6004028))
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`v-bind.camel` _(2.1.0+)_ [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#v-bind) | 将 kebab-case attribute 名转换为 camelCase。
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`v-bind.sync` _(2.3.0+)_ [#](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#v-bind) | 语法糖,会扩展成一个更新父组件绑定值的 v-on 侦听器。
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<!--rehype:className=style-list-->
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另见
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---
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- [Vue Essentials Cheat-Sheet.pdf](https://www.vuemastery.com/pdf/Vue-Essentials-Cheat-Sheet.pdf) _(vuemastery.com)_
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- [Vue 2 官方文档](https://v2.cn.vuejs.org/) _(vuejs.org)_
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- [Vue 2 实例方法事件](https://marozed.com/vue-cheatsheet#Instance-Methods-Events) _(marozed.com)_
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