* format: fix markdown * update: fix markdown * update: fix cron problems * update: delete .markdownlintignore * update * chore: add tab -> 4 space * chore: fix tab -> 2 in the .editorconfig
		
			
				
	
	
		
			1535 lines
		
	
	
		
			31 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			Markdown
		
	
	
	
	
	
			
		
		
	
	
			1535 lines
		
	
	
		
			31 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			Markdown
		
	
	
	
	
	
React 备忘清单
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===
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适合初学者的综合 React 备忘清单。
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入门
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----
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### 介绍
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React 是一个用于构建用户界面的 JavaScript 库。
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- [React 官方文档](https://reactjs.org/) _(reactjs.org)_
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- [Styled Components 备忘清单](./styled-components.md) _(jaywcjlove.github.io)_
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```js
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import {createRoot} from 'react-dom/client'
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import App from './App'
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```
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-----
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```jsx
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const elm = document.getElementById('app')
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const root = createRoot(elm);
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root.render(<App />);
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```
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#### 快速创建 **React** 项目 ([CRA](https://github.com/facebook/create-react-app))
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```shell
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npx create-react-app my-app
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```
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### 导入多个导出
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```jsx
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import React, {Component} from 'react'
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import ReactDOM from 'react-dom'
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```
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-----
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```jsx
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export class Hello extends Component {
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  ...
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}
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export default function World() {
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  /* ... */
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}
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```
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使用 `export` 导出 **`Hello`**,`export default` 导出 **`World`** 组件
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```jsx
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import World, { Hello } from './hello.js';
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```
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使用 `import` 导入 `Hello` 组件,在示例中使用。
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### React 组件中的 CSS
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```jsx {2,5}
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import React from "react";
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import "./Student.css";
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export const Student = (
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  <div className="Student"></div>
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);
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```
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注意:类属性 `className`
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```jsx
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const divStyle = {
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  backgroundImage: 'url(' + imgUrl + ')',
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};
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export const Student = (
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  <div style={divStyle}></div>
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);
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```
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### 属性
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```jsx
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<Student name="Julie" age={23}
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  pro={true} />
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```
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函数组件 `Student` 中访问属性
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```jsx
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function Student(props) {
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  return <h1>Hello, {props.name}</h1>;
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}
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```
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Class 组件 `Student` 中访问属性
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```jsx
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class Student extends React.Component {
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  render() {
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    return (
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      <h1>Hello, {this.props.name}</h1>
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    );
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  }
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}
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```
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`class` 组件使用 `this.props` 访问传递给组件的属性。
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### Children
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
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```jsx
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function Example() {
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  return (
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    <AlertBox>
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      <h1>您有待处理的通知</h1>
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    </AlertBox>
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  )
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}
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```
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函数 `AlertBox` 组件
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```jsx {4}
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function AlertBox(props) {
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  return (
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    <div className="alert-box">
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      {props.children}
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    </div>
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  );
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}
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```
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-----
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```jsx
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{props.children}
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```
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Class `AlertBox` 组件,与函数组件 `AlertBox` 组件相同
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```jsx {5}
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class AlertBox extends React.Component {
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  render () {
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    return (
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      <div className="alert-box">
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        {this.props.children}
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      </div>
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    );
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  }
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}
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```
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-----
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```jsx
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{this.props.children}
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```
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`children` 作为子组件的的属性传递。
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### State
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-3-->
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函数中的 State,Hook 是 React 16.8 的新增特性
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```jsx {4,8}
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import { useState } from 'react';
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function Student() {
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  const [count, setCount] = useState(0);
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  const click = () => setCount(count + 1);
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  return (
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    <div>
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      <p>您点击了 {count} 次</p>
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      <button onClick={click}>
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        点击我
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      </button>
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    </div>
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  );
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}
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```
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使用 `setState` 更新状态,下面是函数组件读取状态
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```jsx
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<p>您点击了 {count} 次</p>
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```
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#### Class 中的 State
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```jsx {6,12,20}
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import React from 'react';
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class Student extends React.Component {
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  constructor(props) {
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    super(props);
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    this.state = {count: 1};
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    // 确保函数可以访问组件属性(ES2015)
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    this.click = this.click.bind(this);
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  }
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  click() {
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    const count = this.state.count;
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    this.setState({ count: count + 1})
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  }
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  render() {
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    return (
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      <div>
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        <button onClick={this.click}>
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          点击我
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        </button>
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        <p>您点击了{this.state.count}次</p>
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      </div>
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    );
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  }
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}
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```
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使用 `setState` 更新状态,`class` 组件中不能使用 <yel>~~hooks~~</yel>。下面是 `class` 组件读取状态
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```jsx
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<p>您点击了{this.state.count}次</p>
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```
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### 循环
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```jsx
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const elm = ['one', 'two', 'three'];
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function Student() {
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  return (
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    <ul>
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      {elm.map((value, index) => (
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        <li key={index}>{value}</li>
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      ))}
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    </ul>
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  );
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}
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```
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`key` 值在兄弟节点之间必须唯一
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### 事件监听
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```jsx
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export default function Hello() {
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  function handleClick(event) {
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    event.preventDefault();
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    alert("Hello World");
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  }
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  return (
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    <a href="/" onClick={handleClick}>
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      Say Hi
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    </a>
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  );
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}
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```
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### 函数注入
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```jsx
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function addNumbers(x1, x2) {
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  return x1 + x2;
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}
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const element = (
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  <div>
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    {addNumbers(2, 5)}
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  </div>
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);
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```
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### 嵌套
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```jsx
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import { useState } from 'react'
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import Avatar from './Avatar';
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import Profile from './Profile';
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function Student() {
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  const [count, setCount] = useState(0);
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  return (
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    <div>
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      <Avatar src={count} />
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      <Profile username={count} />
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    </div>
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  );
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}
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```
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### Portals
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React 并_没有_创建一个新的 `div`。它只是把子元素渲染到 `domNode` 中。`domNode` 是一个可以在任何位置的有效 DOM 节点。
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```jsx
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render() {
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  return ReactDOM.createPortal(
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    this.props.children,
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    domNode
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  );
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}
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```
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提供了一种将子节点渲染到存在于父组件以外的 DOM 节点的优秀的方案
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### Fragment
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
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```jsx {1,6,9}
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import { Fragment } from 'react'
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import Avatar from './Avatar';
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import Profile from './Profile';
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const Student = () => (
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  <Fragment>
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    <Avatar src="./demo.jpg" />
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    <Profile username="name" />
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  </Fragment>
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);
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```
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从 `v16.2.0` 开始 `Fragment` 可用于返回多个子节点,而无需向 DOM 添加额外的包装节点。或者使用 `<></>` 效果是一样的。
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```jsx {2,5}
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const Student = () => (
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  <>
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    <Avatar src="./demo.jpg" />
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    <Profile username="name" />
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  </>
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);
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```
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查看: [Fragments & strings](https://reactjs.org/blog/2017/09/26/react-v16.0.html#new-render-return-types-fragments-and-strings)
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### 返回字符串
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```jsx {2}
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render() {
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  return 'Look ma, no spans!';
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}
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```
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您可以只返回一个字符串。查看: [Fragments & strings](https://reactjs.org/blog/2017/09/26/react-v16.0.html#new-render-return-types-fragments-and-strings)
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### 返回数组
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```jsx
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const Student = () => [
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  <li key="A">First item</li>,
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  <li key="B">Second item</li>
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];
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```
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不要忘记 `key`!查看: [Fragments & strings](https://reactjs.org/blog/2017/09/26/react-v16.0.html#new-render-return-types-fragments-and-strings)
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### Refs 转发
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```jsx
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const FancyButton = React.forwardRef(
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  (props, ref) => (
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    <button ref={ref} className="btn">
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      {props.children}
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    </button>
 | 
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  )
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);
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```
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#### 使用
 | 
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```jsx
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// 你可以直接获取 DOM button 的 ref:
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const ref = React.createRef();
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<FancyButton ref={ref}>
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  点击我
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</FancyButton>;
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```
 | 
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### Class 组件内部使用 ref 属性
 | 
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```jsx {6,10}
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import {Component,createRef} from 'react'
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class MyComponent extends Component {
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  constructor(props) {
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    super(props);
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    this.myRef = createRef();
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  }
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  render() {
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    return <div ref={this.myRef} />;
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  }
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}
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```
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提示:Refs 适用于类组件,但不适用于函数组件(除非您使用 useRef hook,请参阅[hooks](#hooks))
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### 函数组件内部使用 ref 属性
 | 
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```jsx {3,9}
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function CustomTextInput(props) {
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  // 这里必须声明 $input,这样 ref 才可以引用它
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  const $input = useRef(null);
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  function handleClick() {
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    $input.current.focus();
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						||
  }
 | 
						||
  return (
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    <div>
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      <input type="text" ref={$input} />
 | 
						||
      <input
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						||
        type="button" value="聚焦文本输入"
 | 
						||
        onClick={handleClick}
 | 
						||
      />
 | 
						||
    </div>
 | 
						||
  );
 | 
						||
}
 | 
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```
 | 
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 | 
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### 严格模式 StrictMode
 | 
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 | 
						||
```jsx {3,8}
 | 
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<div>
 | 
						||
  <Header />
 | 
						||
  <React.StrictMode>
 | 
						||
    <div>
 | 
						||
      <ComponentOne />
 | 
						||
      <ComponentTwo />
 | 
						||
    </div>
 | 
						||
  </React.StrictMode>
 | 
						||
  <Footer />
 | 
						||
</div>
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
-----
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
- [识别不安全的生命周期](https://zh-hans.reactjs.org/docs/strict-mode.html#identifying-unsafe-lifecycles)
 | 
						||
- [关于使用过时字符串 ref API 的警告](https://zh-hans.reactjs.org/docs/strict-mode.html#warning-about-legacy-string-ref-api-usage)
 | 
						||
- [关于使用废弃的 findDOMNode 方法的警告](https://zh-hans.reactjs.org/docs/strict-mode.html#warning-about-deprecated-finddomnode-usage)
 | 
						||
- [检测意外的副作用](https://zh-hans.reactjs.org/docs/strict-mode.html#detecting-unexpected-side-effects)
 | 
						||
- [检测过时的 context API](https://zh-hans.reactjs.org/docs/strict-mode.html#detecting-legacy-context-api)
 | 
						||
- [确保可复用的状态](https://zh-hans.reactjs.org/docs/strict-mode.html#ensuring-reusable-state)
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
突出显示应用程序中潜在问题的工具。请参阅:[严格模式](https://zh-hans.reactjs.org/docs/strict-mode.html)
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### Profiler
 | 
						||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
测量一个 React 应用多久渲染一次以及渲染一次的 `代价`
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
<Profiler id="Navigation" onRender={callback}>
 | 
						||
  <Navigation {...props} />
 | 
						||
</Profiler>
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
为了分析 `Navigation` 组件和它的子代。应该在需要时才去使用它。
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
:- | :-
 | 
						||
:- | :-
 | 
						||
`id(string)` | 发生提交的 `Profiler` 树的 `id`
 | 
						||
`onRender(function)` | 组件树任何组件 “提交” 一个更新的时候调用这个函数
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
#### onRender 回调函数
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
:- | :-
 | 
						||
:- | :-
 | 
						||
`phase: "mount" \| "update"` |  判断是由 `props`/`state`/`hooks` 改变 或 “第一次装载” 引起的重渲染
 | 
						||
`actualDuration: number` | 本次更新在渲染 Profiler 和它的子代上花费的时间
 | 
						||
`baseDuration: number` | 在 Profiler 树中最近一次每一个组件 render 的持续时间
 | 
						||
`startTime: number` | 本次更新中 React 开始渲染的时间戳
 | 
						||
`commitTime: number` | 本次更新中 React commit 阶段结束的时间戳
 | 
						||
`interactions: Set` | 当更新被制定时,“[interactions](https://fb.me/react-interaction-tracing)” 的集合会被追踪
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
默认值
 | 
						||
---
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### Class 组件默认 props
 | 
						||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
class CustomButton extends React.Component {
 | 
						||
  // ...
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
CustomButton.defaultProps = {
 | 
						||
  color: 'blue'
 | 
						||
};
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
#### 使用
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
<CustomButton /> ;
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
不传值 `props.color` 将自动设置为 `blue`
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### Class 组件默认 state
 | 
						||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
class Hello extends Component {
 | 
						||
  constructor (props) {
 | 
						||
    super(props)
 | 
						||
    this.state = { visible: true }
 | 
						||
  }
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
在构造 `constructor()`中设置默认状态。
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
class Hello extends Component {
 | 
						||
  state = { visible: true }
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### 函数组件默认 props
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
function CustomButton(props) {
 | 
						||
  const { color = 'blue' } = props;
 | 
						||
  return <div>{color}</div>
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### 函数组件默认 state
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
function CustomButton() {
 | 
						||
  const [color, setColor]=useState('blue')
 | 
						||
  return <div>{color}</div>
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
JSX
 | 
						||
---
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### 介绍
 | 
						||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
`JSX` 仅仅只是 `React.createElement(component, props, ...children)` 函数的语法糖
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
<MyButton color="blue" shadowSize={2}>
 | 
						||
  点击我
 | 
						||
</MyButton>
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
会编译为
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```js
 | 
						||
React.createElement(
 | 
						||
  MyButton,
 | 
						||
  {color: 'blue', shadowSize: 2},
 | 
						||
  '点击我'
 | 
						||
);
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
没有子节点
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
<div className="sidebar" />
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
会编译为
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```js
 | 
						||
React.createElement(
 | 
						||
  'div',
 | 
						||
  {className: 'sidebar'}
 | 
						||
)
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### JSX 点语法
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
const Menu = ({ children }) => (
 | 
						||
  <div className="menu">{children}<div>
 | 
						||
);
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
Menu.Item = ({ children }) => (
 | 
						||
  <div>{children}<div>
 | 
						||
);
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
<Menu>
 | 
						||
  <Menu.Item>菜单一</Menu.Item>
 | 
						||
  <Menu.Item>菜单二</Menu.Item>
 | 
						||
<Menu>
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### JSX Element
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
let element = <h1>Hello, world!</h1>;
 | 
						||
let emptyHeading = <h1 />;
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
const root = ReactDOM.createRoot(
 | 
						||
  document.getElementById('root')
 | 
						||
);
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
const element = <h1>Hello, world</h1>;
 | 
						||
root.render(element);
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
参考:[渲染元素](https://reactjs.org/docs/rendering-elements.html)
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### JSX 属性
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
const avatarUrl = "img/picture.jpg"
 | 
						||
const element = <img src={avatarUrl} />;
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
const element = (
 | 
						||
  <button className="btn">
 | 
						||
    点击我
 | 
						||
  </button>
 | 
						||
);
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
注意:类属性 `className`
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### JSX 表达式
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
let name = '张三';
 | 
						||
let element = <h1>Hello, {name}</h1>;
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
function fullName(firstName, lastName) {
 | 
						||
  return firstName + ' ' + lastName;
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
let element = (
 | 
						||
  <h1>
 | 
						||
    Hello, {fullName('三', '张')}
 | 
						||
  </h1>
 | 
						||
);
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### JSX style
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
const divStyle = {
 | 
						||
  color: 'blue',
 | 
						||
  backgroundImage: 'url(' + imgUrl + ')',
 | 
						||
};
 | 
						||
function MyComponent() {
 | 
						||
  return <div style={divStyle}>组件</div>;
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### JSX dangerouslySetInnerHTML
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
const markup = {__html: '我 · 你' };
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
const MyComponent = () => (
 | 
						||
  <div dangerouslySetInnerHTML={markup} />
 | 
						||
);
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
`dangerouslySetInnerHTML` 是 React 为浏览器 DOM 提供 `innerHTML` 的替换方案。
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### JSX htmlFor
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
const MyComponent = () => (
 | 
						||
  <div>
 | 
						||
    <input type="radio" id="ab" name="v">
 | 
						||
    <label for="ab">HTML</label>
 | 
						||
  </div>
 | 
						||
);
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
`for` 在 `JS` 中是保留字,JSX 元素使用了 `htmlFor` 代替
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### JSX defaultValue
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
非受控组件的属性,设置组件第一次挂载时的 `value`
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
<textarea defaultValue="Hello" />
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
`<input>`、`<select>` 和 `<textarea>` 支持 value 属性
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### JSX defaultChecked
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
非受控组件的属性,设置组件是否被选中
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
<input type="radio" defaultChecked />
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
类型为 `checkbox` 或 `radio` 时,组件支持 checked 属性
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### JSX className
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
属性用于指定 `CSS` 的 `class`
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
<div className="warp">...</div>
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
React 中使用 [Web Components](https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/Web_Components) 使用 `class` 属性代替
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### JSX 条件渲染
 | 
						||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
import React from "react";
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
function formatName(user) {
 | 
						||
  return user.firstName 
 | 
						||
    + ' ' 
 | 
						||
    + user.lastName;
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
export function Greeting(user) {
 | 
						||
  if (user) {
 | 
						||
    return (
 | 
						||
      <h1>你好, {formatName(user)}!</h1>
 | 
						||
    );
 | 
						||
  }
 | 
						||
  return (
 | 
						||
    <h1>你好, 先生。</h1>
 | 
						||
  );
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
注意:组件必须总是返回一些东西。
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
#### 使用
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
<Greeting firstName="三" lastName="张" />
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### JSX 三目运算符 / 与运算符 &&
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
export default function Weather(props) {
 | 
						||
  const isLoggedIn = props.isLoggedIn;
 | 
						||
  return (
 | 
						||
    <div>
 | 
						||
      <b>{isLoggedIn ? '已' : '未'}</b>登录。
 | 
						||
    </div>
 | 
						||
  );
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
-----
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```js
 | 
						||
{isShow && <div>内容</div>}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### JSX 组件
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
<Dropdown>
 | 
						||
  下拉列表
 | 
						||
  <Menu>
 | 
						||
    <Menu.Item>菜单一</Menu.Item>
 | 
						||
    <Menu.Item>菜单二</Menu.Item>
 | 
						||
    <Menu.Item>菜单三</Menu.Item>
 | 
						||
  </Menu>
 | 
						||
</Dropdown>
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
组件名称以大驼峰式命名。
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### JSX 元素变量
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
function Greeting(props) {
 | 
						||
  let button;
 | 
						||
  if (props.isLoggedIn) {
 | 
						||
    button = <UserGreeting />;
 | 
						||
  } else {
 | 
						||
    button = <GuestGreeting />;
 | 
						||
  }
 | 
						||
  return <div>{button}</div>;
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### JSX 注释
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
function Student() {
 | 
						||
  const [count, setCount] = useState(0);
 | 
						||
  return (
 | 
						||
    <Fragment>
 | 
						||
      {/* 这里写注释 */}
 | 
						||
    </Fragment>
 | 
						||
  );
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
组件
 | 
						||
----
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### 函数组件
 | 
						||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
import React from 'react';
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
const UserName = () => <h1>Kenny</h1>;
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
export default function UserProfile() {
 | 
						||
  return (
 | 
						||
    <div className="UserProfile">
 | 
						||
      <div>Hello</div>  
 | 
						||
      <UserName />
 | 
						||
    </div>
 | 
						||
  );
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
注意:每个组件都需要一个根元素,[更多说明](https://reactjs.org/docs/components-and-props.html)。
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### Class 组件
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
class Welcome extends React.Component {
 | 
						||
  render() {
 | 
						||
    return <h1>{this.props.name}</h1>;
 | 
						||
  }
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### Class 组件 API
 | 
						||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
#### 额外的 API
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
:- | -
 | 
						||
:- | -
 | 
						||
`this.forceUpdate()` | 强制重新渲染
 | 
						||
`this.setState({ ... })` | 更新状态
 | 
						||
`this.setState(state =>{ ... })` | 更新状态
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
#### 属性
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
:- | -
 | 
						||
:- | -
 | 
						||
`defaultProps` | 默认 props
 | 
						||
`displayName` | 显示组件名称(用于调试)
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
#### 实例属性
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
:- | -
 | 
						||
:- | -
 | 
						||
`this.props` | 组件接受参数
 | 
						||
`this.state` | 组件内状态
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### Pure 组件
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
import React, {PureComponent} from 'react'
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
class MessageBox extends PureComponent {
 | 
						||
  ···
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### 高阶组件
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
import React, { Component } from 'react';
 | 
						||
// 高阶组件 with
 | 
						||
const with = data => WrappedComponent => {
 | 
						||
  return class extends Component {
 | 
						||
    constructor(props) {
 | 
						||
      super(props);
 | 
						||
    }
 | 
						||
    render() {
 | 
						||
      return (
 | 
						||
        <WrappedComponent data={data} />
 | 
						||
      )
 | 
						||
    }
 | 
						||
  }
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
使用高阶组件
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
const LowComponent = (props) => (
 | 
						||
  <div>{props.data}</div>
 | 
						||
);
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
const MyComp = with('Hello')(LowComponent)
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### 包含关系
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
function FancyBorder(props) {
 | 
						||
  return (
 | 
						||
    <div className={'Fancy'+props.color}>
 | 
						||
      {props.children}
 | 
						||
    </div>
 | 
						||
  );
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
组件可以通过 JSX 嵌套
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
function WelcomeDialog() {
 | 
						||
  return (
 | 
						||
    <FancyBorder color="blue">
 | 
						||
      <h1 className="title">欢迎</h1>
 | 
						||
      <p className="message">
 | 
						||
        感谢您访问我们的宇宙飞船
 | 
						||
      </p>
 | 
						||
    </FancyBorder>
 | 
						||
  );
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### 作为参数传递
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
function SplitPane(props) {
 | 
						||
  return (
 | 
						||
    <div className="SplitPane">
 | 
						||
      <div className="left">
 | 
						||
        {props.left}
 | 
						||
      </div>
 | 
						||
      <div className="right">
 | 
						||
        {props.right}
 | 
						||
      </div>
 | 
						||
    </div>
 | 
						||
  );
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
function App() {
 | 
						||
  return (
 | 
						||
    <SplitPane
 | 
						||
      left={<Contacts />}
 | 
						||
      right={<Chat />}
 | 
						||
    />
 | 
						||
  );
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
给组件 `SplitPane` 传递 `left` 和 `right` 两个组件参数
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### 嵌入内部组件
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx {2}
 | 
						||
import React from 'react';
 | 
						||
import UserAvatar from "./UserAvatar";
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
export default function UserProfile() {
 | 
						||
  return (
 | 
						||
    <div className="UserProfile">
 | 
						||
      <UserAvatar />
 | 
						||
      <UserAvatar />
 | 
						||
    </div>
 | 
						||
  );
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
注意:假设 `UserAvatar` 在 `UserAvatar.js` 中声明
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### 嵌入外部组件
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx {2}
 | 
						||
import React from 'react';
 | 
						||
import {Button} from 'uiw';
 | 
						||
export default function UserProfile() {
 | 
						||
  return (
 | 
						||
    <div className="UserProfile">
 | 
						||
      <Button type="primary">
 | 
						||
        主要按钮
 | 
						||
      </Button>
 | 
						||
    </div>
 | 
						||
  );
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
注意:[uiw](http://npmjs.com/uiw) 组件在 [npmjs.com](https://www.npmjs.com) 上找到,需要先安装导入
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### 点组件语法技巧
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
const Menu = ({ children }) => (
 | 
						||
  <div className="menu">{children}<div>
 | 
						||
);
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
Menu.Item = ({ children }) => (
 | 
						||
  <div>{children}<div>
 | 
						||
);
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
-----
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
<Menu>
 | 
						||
  <Menu.Item>菜单一</Menu.Item>
 | 
						||
  <Menu.Item>菜单二</Menu.Item>
 | 
						||
<Menu>
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
Hooks
 | 
						||
---
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### Hooks API 参考
 | 
						||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
#### 基础 Hook
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
方法 | 描述
 | 
						||
:- | -
 | 
						||
`useState` | 返回一个 `state`,更新 `state` 的函数 [#](https://zh-hans.reactjs.org/docs/hooks-reference.html#usestate)
 | 
						||
`useEffect` | 可能有副作用代码的函数 [#](https://zh-hans.reactjs.org/docs/hooks-reference.html#useeffect)
 | 
						||
`useContext` | 接收并返回该 `context` 的当前值 [#](https://zh-hans.reactjs.org/docs/hooks-reference.html#usecontext)
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
#### 额外的 Hook
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
方法 | 描述
 | 
						||
:- | -
 | 
						||
`useReducer` | `useState` 的替代方案 [#](https://zh-hans.reactjs.org/docs/hooks-reference.html#usestate)
 | 
						||
`useCallback` | 返回一个回调函数 [#](https://zh-hans.reactjs.org/docs/hooks-reference.html#usecallback)
 | 
						||
`useMemo` | 返回一个 [memoized](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoization) 值[#](https://zh-hans.reactjs.org/docs/hooks-reference.html#usememo)
 | 
						||
`useRef` | 返回一个可变的 `ref` 对象 [#](https://zh-hans.reactjs.org/docs/hooks-reference.html#useref)
 | 
						||
`useImperativeHandle` | 暴露给父组件的实例值 [#](https://zh-hans.reactjs.org/docs/hooks-reference.html#useimperativehandle)
 | 
						||
`useLayoutEffect` | DOM 变更后同步调用函数 [#](https://zh-hans.reactjs.org/docs/hooks-reference.html#uselayouteffect)
 | 
						||
`useDebugValue` | 开发者工具中显示标签 [#](https://zh-hans.reactjs.org/docs/hooks-reference.html#usedebugvalue)
 | 
						||
`useDeferredValue` | 接受并返回该值的新副本 [#](https://zh-hans.reactjs.org/docs/hooks-reference.html#usedeferredvalue)
 | 
						||
`useTransition` | 过渡任务的等待状态 [#](https://zh-hans.reactjs.org/docs/hooks-reference.html#usetransition)
 | 
						||
`useId` | 用于生成唯一 ID [#](https://zh-hans.reactjs.org/docs/hooks-reference.html#useid)
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
#### Library Hooks
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
方法 | 描述
 | 
						||
:- | -
 | 
						||
`useSyncExternalStore` | 读取和订阅外部数据源 [#](https://zh-hans.reactjs.org/docs/hooks-reference.html#usesyncexternalstore)
 | 
						||
`useInsertionEffect` |  DOM 突变之前 同步触发 [#](https://zh-hans.reactjs.org/docs/hooks-reference.html#usesyncexternalstore)
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### 函数式更新
 | 
						||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
function Counter({ initialCount }) {
 | 
						||
  const [count, setCount] = useState(initialCount);
 | 
						||
  return (
 | 
						||
    <>
 | 
						||
      Count: {count} <button onClick={() => setCount(initialCount)}>Reset</button>
 | 
						||
      <button onClick={() => setCount(prevCount => prevCount - 1)}>-</button>
 | 
						||
      <button onClick={() => setCount(prevCount => prevCount + 1)}>+</button>
 | 
						||
    </>
 | 
						||
  );
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### useRef
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
function TextInputWithFocusButton() {
 | 
						||
  const $input = useRef(null);
 | 
						||
  const onButtonClick = () => {
 | 
						||
    $input.current.focus();
 | 
						||
  };
 | 
						||
  return (
 | 
						||
    <>
 | 
						||
      <input ref={$input} type="text" />
 | 
						||
      <button onClick={onButtonClick}>
 | 
						||
        聚焦输入
 | 
						||
      </button>
 | 
						||
    </>
 | 
						||
  );
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
`current` 指向已挂载到 DOM 上的文本输入元素
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### useImperativeHandle
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
function FancyInput(props, ref) {
 | 
						||
  const inputRef = useRef();
 | 
						||
  useImperativeHandle(ref, () => ({
 | 
						||
    focus: () => {
 | 
						||
      inputRef.current.focus();
 | 
						||
    }
 | 
						||
  }));
 | 
						||
  return <input ref={inputRef} />;
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
FancyInput = forwardRef(FancyInput);
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
父组件使用
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
<FancyInput ref={inputRef} />
 | 
						||
inputRef.current.focus()
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### useEffect
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
useEffect(() => {
 | 
						||
  const subs = props.source.subscribe();
 | 
						||
  return () => {
 | 
						||
    subs.unsubscribe();
 | 
						||
  };
 | 
						||
}, [props.source]);
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### useCallback
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
const memoizedCallback = useCallback(
 | 
						||
  () => {
 | 
						||
    doSomething(a, b);
 | 
						||
  },
 | 
						||
  [a, b],
 | 
						||
);
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### useMemo
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
const memoizedValue = useMemo(
 | 
						||
  () => {
 | 
						||
    return computeExpensiveValue(a, b)
 | 
						||
  },
 | 
						||
  [a, b]
 | 
						||
);
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### useId
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
function Checkbox() {
 | 
						||
  const id = useId();
 | 
						||
  return (
 | 
						||
    <>
 | 
						||
      <label htmlFor={id}>
 | 
						||
        你喜欢React吗?
 | 
						||
      </label>
 | 
						||
      <input id={id} type="checkbox" />
 | 
						||
    </>
 | 
						||
  );
 | 
						||
};
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
用于生成跨服务端和客户端稳定的唯一 `ID` 的同时避免 `hydration` 不匹配
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### useDebugValue
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
function useFriendStatus(friendID) {
 | 
						||
  const [
 | 
						||
    isOnline, setIsOnline
 | 
						||
  ] = useState(null);
 | 
						||
  // ...
 | 
						||
  // 在开发者工具中的这个 Hook 旁边显示标签
 | 
						||
  // e.g. "FriendStatus: Online"
 | 
						||
  useDebugValue(
 | 
						||
    isOnline ? 'Online' : 'Offline'
 | 
						||
  );
 | 
						||
  return isOnline;
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text -->
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
不推荐你向每个自定义 `Hook` 添加 `debug` 值
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### componentDidMount & componentWillUnmount
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
useEffect(
 | 
						||
  () => {
 | 
						||
    // componentDidMount
 | 
						||
    // 组件挂载时,可以在这里完成你的任务
 | 
						||
    return () => {
 | 
						||
      // componentWillUnmount
 | 
						||
      // 卸载时执行,清除 effect
 | 
						||
    };
 | 
						||
  },
 | 
						||
  [ ]
 | 
						||
);
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
这是一个类似 `class` 组件中 `componentDidMount` & `componentWillUnmount` 两个生命周期函数的写法。
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
生命周期
 | 
						||
---
 | 
						||
<!--rehype:body-class=cols-2-->
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### 挂载
 | 
						||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
方法 | 描述
 | 
						||
:- | -
 | 
						||
`constructor` _(props)_  | 渲染前 [#](https://zh-hans.reactjs.org/docs/react-component.html#constructor)
 | 
						||
`static getDerivedStateFromProps()` | 调用 `render` 方法之前调用 [#](https://zh-hans.reactjs.org/docs/react-component.html#static-getderivedstatefromprops)
 | 
						||
`render()`               |  `class` 组件中唯一必须实现的方法 [#](https://reactjs.org/docs/react-component.html#render)
 | 
						||
`componentDidMount()`    | 在组件挂载后(插入 DOM 树中)立即调用 [#](https://reactjs.org/docs/react-component.html#componentdidmount)
 | 
						||
`UNSAFE_componentWillMount()` | 在挂载之前被调用,建议使用 `constructor()` [#](https://zh-hans.reactjs.org/docs/react-component.html#unsafe_componentwillmount)
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
在 `constructor()` 上设置初始状态。在 `componentDidMount()` 上添加 DOM 事件处理程序、计时器(等),然后在 `componentWillUnmount()` 上删除它们。
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### 卸载
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
方法 | 描述
 | 
						||
:- | -
 | 
						||
`componentWillUnmount()` | 在组件卸载及销毁之前直接调用 [#](https://zh-hans.reactjs.org/docs/react-component.html#componentwillunmount)
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### 过时 API
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
过时方法 | 新方法
 | 
						||
:- | -
 | 
						||
~~`componentWillMount()`~~ | `UNSAFE_componentWillMount()`  [#](https://zh-hans.reactjs.org/docs/react-component.html#unsafe_componentwillmount)
 | 
						||
~~`componentWillReceiveProps()`~~ | `UNSAFE_componentWillReceiveProps()`  [#](https://zh-hans.reactjs.org/docs/react-component.html#unsafe_componentwillreceiveprops)
 | 
						||
~~`componentWillUpdate()`~~ | `UNSAFE_componentWillUpdate()`  [#](https://zh-hans.reactjs.org/docs/react-component.html#unsafe_componentwillupdate)
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
17+ 之后不再支持,在 `17` 版本之后,只有新的 `UNSAFE_` 生命周期名称可以使用。
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### 更新
 | 
						||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
方法 | 描述
 | 
						||
:- | -
 | 
						||
`static getDerivedStateFromProps(props, state)` | 调用 `render` 之前调用,在初始挂载及后续更新时都会被调用 [#](https://zh-hans.reactjs.org/docs/react-component.html#static-getderivedstatefromprops)
 | 
						||
`shouldComponentUpdate(nextProps, nextState)` | 如果返回 `false`,则跳过 `render()` [#](https://zh-hans.reactjs.org/docs/react-component.html#static-getderivedstatefromprops)
 | 
						||
`render()` | 在不修改组件 `state` 的情况下,每次调用时都返回相同的结果 [#](https://zh-hans.reactjs.org/docs/react-component.html#render)
 | 
						||
`getSnapshotBeforeUpdate()` | 在发生更改之前从 DOM 中捕获一些信息(例如,滚动位置) [#](https://zh-hans.reactjs.org/docs/react-component.html#getsnapshotbeforeupdate)
 | 
						||
`componentDidUpdate()` | 这里使用 `setState()`,但记得比较 `props`。首次渲染不会执行此方法 [#](https://zh-hans.reactjs.org/docs/react-component.html#componentdidupdate)
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### 错误处理
 | 
						||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
方法 | 描述
 | 
						||
:- | -
 | 
						||
`static getDerivedStateFromError(error)` | 后代组件抛出错误后被调用,它将抛出的错误作为参数,并返回一个值以更新 `state` [#](https://zh-hans.reactjs.org/docs/react-component.html#static-getderivedstatefromerror)
 | 
						||
`componentDidCatch(error, info)` | 在后代组件抛出错误后被调用,会在“提交”阶段被调用,因此允许执行副作用 [#](https://zh-hans.reactjs.org/docs/react-component.html#componentdidcatch)
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### render()
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx {2}
 | 
						||
class Welcome extends React.Component {
 | 
						||
  render() {
 | 
						||
    return <h1>Hello, {this.props.name}</h1>;
 | 
						||
  }
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### constructor()
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx {1}
 | 
						||
constructor(props) {
 | 
						||
  super(props);
 | 
						||
  // 不要在这里调用 this.setState()
 | 
						||
  this.state = { counter: 0 };
 | 
						||
  this.handleClick = this.handleClick.bind(this);
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### static getDerivedStateFromError()
 | 
						||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx {7,13}
 | 
						||
class ErrorBoundary extends React.Component {
 | 
						||
  constructor(props) {
 | 
						||
    super(props);
 | 
						||
    this.state = { hasError: false };
 | 
						||
  }
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
  static getDerivedStateFromError(error) {
 | 
						||
    // 更新 state 使下一次渲染可以显降级 UI
 | 
						||
    return { hasError: true };
 | 
						||
  }
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
  render() {
 | 
						||
    if (this.state.hasError) {
 | 
						||
      // 你可以渲染任何自定义的降级  UI
 | 
						||
      return <h1>Something went wrong.</h1>;
 | 
						||
    }
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
    return this.props.children;
 | 
						||
  }
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### componentDidUpdate()
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx {1}
 | 
						||
componentDidUpdate(prevProps) {
 | 
						||
  // 典型用法(不要忘记比较 props):
 | 
						||
  if (this.props.uid !== prevProps.uid) {
 | 
						||
    this.fetchData(this.props.uid);
 | 
						||
  }
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### getSnapshotBeforeUpdate()
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
getSnapshotBeforeUpdate(prevProps, prevState) {
 | 
						||
  // 我们是否在 list 中添加新的 items ?
 | 
						||
  // 捕获滚动位置以便我们稍后调整滚动位置。
 | 
						||
  if (prevProps.list.length < this.props.list.length) {
 | 
						||
    const list = this.listRef.current;
 | 
						||
    return list.scrollHeight - list.scrollTop;
 | 
						||
  }
 | 
						||
  return null;
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
PropTypes 属性类型检查
 | 
						||
---
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### PropTypes
 | 
						||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-3-->
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
import PropTypes from 'prop-types'
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
-----
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
:- | -
 | 
						||
:- | -
 | 
						||
`any` | 任意类型
 | 
						||
`(props, propName, 组件名称)=>{}` | 自定义验证器
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
#### _基础_
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
:- | -
 | 
						||
:- | -
 | 
						||
`string` | 字符串
 | 
						||
`number` | 数组
 | 
						||
`func` | 函数
 | 
						||
`bool` | 布尔值
 | 
						||
`symbol` | -
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
#### _枚举 Enum_
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
:- | -
 | 
						||
:- | -
 | 
						||
`oneOf(any)` | 枚举类型
 | 
						||
`oneOfType([type])` | 几种类型中的任意一个类型
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
#### _数组 Array_
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
:- | -
 | 
						||
:- | -
 | 
						||
`array` | 数组
 | 
						||
`arrayOf` | 数组由某一类型的元素组成
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
#### _对象 Object_
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
:- | -
 | 
						||
:- | -
 | 
						||
`object` | 对象
 | 
						||
`objectOf` | 对象由某一类型的值组成
 | 
						||
`instanceOf(...)` | 类的实例
 | 
						||
`shape` | 对象由特定的类型值组成
 | 
						||
`exact` | 有额外属性警告
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
#### _元素 Elements_
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
:- | -
 | 
						||
:- | -
 | 
						||
`element` | React 元素
 | 
						||
`elementType` | React 元素类型(即 `MyComponent`)
 | 
						||
`node` | DOM 节点
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
#### _必需的_
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
:- | -
 | 
						||
:- | -
 | 
						||
`(···).isRequired` | 必需的
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
请参阅:[使用 PropTypes 进行类型检查](https://zh-hans.reactjs.org/docs/typechecking-with-proptypes.html)
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### 基本类型
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
MyComponent.propTypes = {
 | 
						||
  email:      PropTypes.string,
 | 
						||
  seats:      PropTypes.number,
 | 
						||
  callback:   PropTypes.func,
 | 
						||
  isClosed:   PropTypes.bool,
 | 
						||
  any:        PropTypes.any
 | 
						||
  symbol:     PropTypes.symbol,
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
你可以将属性声明为 JS 原生类型,默认都是可选的。
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### 必需的
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
MyComponent.propTypes = {
 | 
						||
  // 确保这个 prop 没有被提供时,会打印警告信息
 | 
						||
  requiredFunc: PropTypes.func.isRequired,
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
  // 任意类型的必需数据
 | 
						||
  requiredAny: PropTypes.any.isRequired,
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
你可以在任何 `PropTypes` 属性后面加上 `isRequired`。
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### 枚举
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```js
 | 
						||
MyComponent.propTypes = {
 | 
						||
  // 只能是特定的值,枚举类型。
 | 
						||
  optionalEnum: PropTypes.oneOf([
 | 
						||
    'News', 'Photos'
 | 
						||
  ]),
 | 
						||
  // 一个对象可以是几种类型中的任意一个类型
 | 
						||
  optionalUnion: PropTypes.oneOfType([
 | 
						||
    PropTypes.string,
 | 
						||
    PropTypes.number,
 | 
						||
    PropTypes.instanceOf(Message)
 | 
						||
  ]),
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### 元素 Elements
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
MyComponent.propTypes = {
 | 
						||
  // 任何可被渲染的元素
 | 
						||
  // (包括数字、字符串、元素或数组)
 | 
						||
  // (或 Fragment) 也包含这些类型。
 | 
						||
  node: PropTypes.node,
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
  // 一个 React 元素。
 | 
						||
  element: PropTypes.element,
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
  // 一个 React 元素类型(即,MyComponent)
 | 
						||
  elementType: PropTypes.elementType,
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### 对象 Object
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
MyComponent.propTypes = {
 | 
						||
  // 可以指定一个对象由某一类型的值组成
 | 
						||
  objectOf: PropTypes.objectOf(
 | 
						||
    PropTypes.number
 | 
						||
  ),
 | 
						||
  // 可以指定一个对象由特定的类型值组成
 | 
						||
  objectWithShape: PropTypes.shape({
 | 
						||
    color: PropTypes.string,
 | 
						||
    fontSize: PropTypes.number
 | 
						||
  }),
 | 
						||
  // 带有额外属性警告的对象
 | 
						||
  objectWithStrictShape: PropTypes.exact({
 | 
						||
    name: PropTypes.string,
 | 
						||
    quantity: PropTypes.number
 | 
						||
  }),
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### 自定义验证器
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
MyComponent.propTypes = {
 | 
						||
  custom: (props, propName, compName) => {
 | 
						||
    if (!/matchm/.test(props[propName])) {
 | 
						||
      // 它在验证失败时应返回一个 Error 对象
 | 
						||
      return new Error(
 | 
						||
        '无效的prop `'
 | 
						||
        ` \`${propName}\` 提供给` + 
 | 
						||
        ` \`${compName}\`。验证失败。`
 | 
						||
      );
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
    }
 | 
						||
  },
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
请不要使用 `console.warn` 或抛出异常,因为这在 `oneOfType` 中不会起作用。
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### 自定义的 `arrayOf` 或 `objectOf` 验证器
 | 
						||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2 row-span-2-->
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
MyComponent.propTypes = {
 | 
						||
  arrayProp: PropTypes.arrayOf((propValue, key, componentName, location, propFullName) => {
 | 
						||
    if (!/matchme/.test(propValue[key])) {
 | 
						||
      // 它应该在验证失败时返回一个 Error 对象。
 | 
						||
      return new Error(
 | 
						||
        'Invalid prop `' + propFullName + '` supplied to' +
 | 
						||
        ' `' + componentName + '`. Validation failed.'
 | 
						||
      );
 | 
						||
    }
 | 
						||
  })
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
`propValue` 是数组或对象本身,`key` 是他们当前的键。
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### 数组
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
MyComponent.propTypes = {
 | 
						||
  arr: PropTypes.arrayOf(PropTypes.number),
 | 
						||
};
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
可以指定一个数组由某一类型的元素组成
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### 验证类的实例
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```jsx
 | 
						||
MyComponent.propTypes = {
 | 
						||
  message: PropTypes.instanceOf(Message),
 | 
						||
};
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
声明 `message` 为类的实例
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
另见
 | 
						||
----
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
- [React 官方中文文档](https://zh-hans.reactjs.org/) _(zh-hans.reactjs.org)_
 | 
						||
- [反应生命周期方法图](https://projects.wojtekmaj.pl/react-lifecycle-methods-diagram/) _(projects.wojtekmaj.pl)_
 | 
						||
- [React 16 Cheat Sheet](https://reactcheatsheet.com)
 | 
						||
- [Awesome React](https://github.com/enaqx/awesome-react) _(github.com)_
 |