435 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
435 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
MongoDB 备忘清单
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===
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[MongoDB](https://www.mongodb.com/developer/products/mongodb/cheat-sheet/#connect-mongodb-shell) 此备忘单包含一些方便的提示、命令和快速参考，可让您立即连接并进行 CRUD
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入门
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---
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### 连接 MongoDB Shell
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
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```bash
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mongo # 默认连接到 mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017
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mongo --host <host> --port <port> -u <user> -p <pwd> # 如果需要提示，请省略密码
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mongo "mongodb://192.168.1.1:27017"
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# MongoDB 地图集
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mongo "mongodb+srv://cluster-name.abcde.mongodb.net/<dbname>" --username <username>
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```
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### 显示数据库
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```mongodb
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show dbs
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db // 打印当前数据库
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```
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### 切换数据库
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```mongodb
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use <database_name>
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```
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### 显示集合
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```mongodb
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show collections
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```
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### 运行 JavaScript 文件
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```mongodb
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load("myScript.js")
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```
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CRUD
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---
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### 创建
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-3-->
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```mongodb
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db.coll.insertOne({ name: "Max" })
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db.coll.insert([{ name: "Max"}, {name:"Alex"}]) // 批量插入
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db.coll.insert([{ name: "Max"}, {name:"Alex"}], {ordered: false}) // 无序批量插入
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db.coll.insert({ date: ISODate()})
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db.coll.insert({ name: "Max"}, {"writeConcern": {"w": "majority", "wtimeout": 5000}})
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```
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### 寻找文件
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Commands | Description
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:-- | ---
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`db.docx.findOne()` | 查找一个随机文档
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`db.docx.find().prettyPrint()` | 查找所有文档
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`db.docx.find({}, {name:true, _id:false})` | 仅显示文档 Docx 的名称
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`db.docx.find({}, {name:true, _id:false})` | 可以在多个文件中按属性查找一个文件
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### 使用运算符查找文档
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
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Operator | Description | Commands
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:-- | --- | ---
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`$gt` | 大于 | `db.docx.find({class:{$gt:'T'}`
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`$gte` | 大于等于 | `db.docx.find({class:{$gt:'T'}`
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`$lt` | 小于 | `db.docx.find({class:{$lt:'T'}`
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`$lte` | 小于等于 | `db.docx.find({class:{$lte:'T'}`
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`$exists` | 属性是否存在 | `db.docx.find({class:{$gt:'T'}`
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`$regex` | 正则表达式匹配 | `db.docx.find({name:{$regex:'^USS\\sE'}})`
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`$type` | 按元素类型搜索 | `db.docx.find({name : {$type:4}})`
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### 读取
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-3-->
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```mongodb
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db.coll.findOne() // 返回单个文档
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db.coll.find() // 返回一个游标 - 显示 20 个结果 - "it" 显示更多
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db.coll.find().pretty()
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db.coll.find({name: "Max", age: 32}) // 隐式逻辑“与”。
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db.coll.find({date: ISODate("2020-09-25T13:57:17.180Z")})
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// 或“queryPlanner”或“allPlansExecution”
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db.coll.find({name: "Max", age: 32}).explain("executionStats")
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db.coll.distinct("name")
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// 数数
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db.coll.count({age: 32}) // 基于馆藏元数据的估计
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db.coll.estimatedDocumentCount() // 基于馆藏元数据的估计
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db.coll.countDocuments({age: 32}) // 聚合管道的别名 - 准确计数
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// Comparison 比较
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db.coll.find({"year": {$gt: 1970}})
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db.coll.find({"year": {$gte: 1970}})
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db.coll.find({"year": {$lt: 1970}})
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db.coll.find({"year": {$lte: 1970}})
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db.coll.find({"year": {$ne: 1970}})
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db.coll.find({"year": {$in: [1958, 1959]}})
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db.coll.find({"year": {$nin: [1958, 1959]}})
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// Logical 逻辑
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db.coll.find({name:{$not: {$eq: "Max"}}})
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db.coll.find({$or: [{"year" : 1958}, {"year" : 1959}]})
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db.coll.find({$nor: [{price: 1.99}, {sale: true}]})
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db.coll.find({
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$and: [
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{$or: [{qty: {$lt :10}}, {qty :{$gt: 50}}]},
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{$or: [{sale: true}, {price: {$lt: 5 }}]}
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]
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})
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// Element 元素
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db.coll.find({name: {$exists: true}})
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db.coll.find({"zipCode": {$type: 2 }})
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db.coll.find({"zipCode": {$type: "string"}})
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// Aggregation Pipeline 聚合管道
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db.coll.aggregate([
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{$match: {status: "A"}},
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{$group: {_id: "$cust_id", total: {$sum: "$amount"}}},
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{$sort: {total: -1}}
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])
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// 使用“文本”索引进行文本搜索
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db.coll.find({$text: {$search: "cake"}}, {score: {$meta: "textScore"}})
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.sort({score: {$meta: "textScore"}})
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// Regex 正则表达式
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db.coll.find({name: /^Max/}) // 正则表达式：以字母“M”开头
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db.coll.find({name: /^Max$/i}) // 正则表达式不区分大小写
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// Array
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db.coll.find({tags: {$all: ["Realm", "Charts"]}})
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db.coll.find({field: {$size: 2}}) // 无法索引 - 更喜欢存储数组的大小并更新它
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db.coll.find({results: {$elemMatch: {product: "xyz", score: {$gte: 8}}}})
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// Projections 预测
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db.coll.find({"x": 1}, {"actors": 1}) // actors + _id
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db.coll.find({"x": 1}, {"actors": 1, "_id": 0}) // actors
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db.coll.find({"x": 1}, {"actors": 0, "summary": 0}) // 除了“actors”和“summary”之外的所有内容
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// Sort 排序, skip 跳过, limit 限制
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db.coll.find({}).sort({"year": 1, "rating": -1}).skip(10).limit(3)
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// Read Concern 阅读关注
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db.coll.find().readConcern("majority")
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```
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### 更新
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-3-->
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```mongodb
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db.coll.update({"_id": 1}, {"year": 2016}) // 警告！ 替换整个文档
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db.coll.update({"_id": 1}, {$set: {"year": 2016, name: "Max"}})
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db.coll.update({"_id": 1}, {$unset: {"year": 1}})
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db.coll.update({"_id": 1}, {$rename: {"year": "date"} })
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db.coll.update({"_id": 1}, {$inc: {"year": 5}})
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db.coll.update({"_id": 1}, {$mul: {price: NumberDecimal("1.25"), qty: 2}})
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db.coll.update({"_id": 1}, {$min: {"imdb": 5}})
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db.coll.update({"_id": 1}, {$max: {"imdb": 8}})
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db.coll.update({"_id": 1}, {$currentDate: {"lastModified": true}})
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db.coll.update({"_id": 1}, {$currentDate: {"lastModified": {$type: "timestamp"}}})
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// Array
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db.coll.update({"_id": 1}, {$push :{"array": 1}})
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db.coll.update({"_id": 1}, {$pull :{"array": 1}})
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db.coll.update({"_id": 1}, {$addToSet :{"array": 2}})
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db.coll.update({"_id": 1}, {$pop: {"array": 1}}) // 最后一个元素
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db.coll.update({"_id": 1}, {$pop: {"array": -1}}) // 第一个元素
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db.coll.update({"_id": 1}, {$pullAll: {"array" :[3, 4, 5]}})
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db.coll.update({"_id": 1}, {$push: {scores: {$each: [90, 92, 85]}}})
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db.coll.updateOne({"_id": 1, "grades": 80}, {$set: {"grades.$": 82}})
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db.coll.updateMany({}, {$inc: {"grades.$[]": 10}})
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db.coll.update({}, {$set: {"grades.$[element]": 100}}, {multi: true, arrayFilters: [{"element": {$gte: 100}}]})
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// 更新很多
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db.coll.update({"year": 1999}, {$set: {"decade": "90's"}}, {"multi":true})
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db.coll.updateMany({"year": 1999}, {$set: {"decade": "90's"}})
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// FindOneAndUpdate 查找并更新
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db.coll.findOneAndUpdate({"name": "Max"}, {$inc: {"points": 5}}, {returnNewDocument: true})
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// Upsert 更新插入
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db.coll.update({"_id": 1}, {$set: {item: "apple"}, $setOnInsert: {defaultQty: 100}}, {upsert: true})
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// Replace 代替
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db.coll.replaceOne({"name": "Max"}, {"firstname": "Maxime", "surname": "Beugnet"})
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// Save 保存
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db.coll.save({"item": "book", "qty": 40})
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// Write concern 写关注
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db.coll.update({}, {$set: {"x": 1}}, {"writeConcern": {"w": "majority", "wtimeout": 5000}})
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```
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### 删除
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-3-->
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```mongodb
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db.coll.remove({name: "Max"})
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db.coll.remove({name: "Max"}, {justOne: true})
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db.coll.remove({}) // 警告！删除所有文档但不删除集合本身及其索引定义
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db.coll.remove({name: "Max"}, {"writeConcern": {"w": "majority", "wtimeout": 5000}})
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db.coll.findOneAndDelete({"name": "Max"})
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```
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数据库和集合
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---
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### Drop
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```mongodb
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// 删除集合及其索引定义
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db.coll.drop()
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// 仔细检查你*不*在 PROD 集群上......:-)
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db.dropDatabase()
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```
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### 创建集合
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2 row-span-2-->
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```mongodb
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// 使用 $jsonschema 创建集合
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db.createCollection("contacts", {
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validator: {$jsonSchema: {
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bsonType: "object",
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required: ["phone"],
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properties: {
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phone: {
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bsonType: "string",
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description: "必须是一个字符串并且是必需的"
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},
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email: {
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bsonType: "string",
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pattern: "@mongodb\.com$",
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description: "必须是字符串并匹配正则表达式模式"
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},
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status: {
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enum: [ "Unknown", "Incomplete" ],
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description: "只能是枚举值之一"
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}
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}
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}}
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})
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```
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### 其他采集功能
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```mongodb
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db.coll.stats()
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db.coll.storageSize()
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db.coll.totalIndexSize()
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db.coll.totalSize()
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db.coll.validate({full: true})
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// 第二个参数用于删除目标集合（如果存在）
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db.coll.renameCollection("new_coll", true)
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```
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索引
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---
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### 列表索引
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```mongodb
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db.coll.getIndexes()
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db.coll.getIndexKeys()
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```
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### 创建索引
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2 row-span-3-->
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```mongodb
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// 索引类型
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db.coll.createIndex({"name": 1}) // 单字段索引
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db.coll.createIndex({"name": 1, "date": 1}) // 复合索引
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db.coll.createIndex({foo: "text", bar: "text"}) // 文本索引
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db.coll.createIndex({"$**": "text"}) // 通配符文本索引
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db.coll.createIndex({"userMetadata.$**": 1}) // 通配符索引
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db.coll.createIndex({"loc": "2d"}) // 二维索引
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db.coll.createIndex({"loc": "2dsphere"}) // 2dsphere 索引
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db.coll.createIndex({"_id": "hashed"}) // 哈希索引
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// Index Options
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db.coll.createIndex({"lastModifiedDate": 1}, {expireAfterSeconds: 3600}) // TTL指数
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db.coll.createIndex({"name": 1}, {unique: true})
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db.coll.createIndex({"name": 1}, {partialFilterExpression: {age: {$gt: 18}}}) // 部分索引
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// 强度为 1 或 2 的不区分大小写的索引
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db.coll.createIndex({"name": 1}, {collation: {locale: 'en', strength: 1}})
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db.coll.createIndex({"name": 1 }, {sparse: true})
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```
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### 删除索引
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```mongodb
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db.coll.dropIndex("name_1")
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```
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### 隐藏/取消隐藏索引
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```mongodb
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db.coll.hideIndex("name_1")
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db.coll.unhideIndex("name_1")
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```
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方便的命令
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---
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###
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-3&style=display:none;&wrap-style=padding-top: 0;-->
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```mongodb
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use admin
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db.createUser({"user": "root", "pwd": passwordPrompt(), "roles": ["root"]})
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db.dropUser("root")
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db.auth( "user", passwordPrompt() )
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use test
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db.getSiblingDB("dbname")
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db.currentOp()
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db.killOp(123) // opid
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db.fsyncLock()
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db.fsyncUnlock()
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db.getCollectionNames()
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db.getCollectionInfos()
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db.printCollectionStats()
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db.stats()
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db.getReplicationInfo()
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db.printReplicationInfo()
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db.isMaster()
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db.hostInfo()
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db.printShardingStatus()
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db.shutdownServer()
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db.serverStatus()
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db.setSlaveOk()
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db.getSlaveOk()
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db.getProfilingLevel()
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db.getProfilingStatus()
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db.setProfilingLevel(1, 200) // 0 == OFF, 1 == ON with slowms, 2 == ON
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db.enableFreeMonitoring()
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db.disableFreeMonitoring()
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db.getFreeMonitoringStatus()
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db.createView("viewName", "sourceColl", [{$project:{department: 1}}])
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```
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各种各样的
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---
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### 改变流
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```mongodb
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watchCursor = db.coll.watch([
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{
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$match : {"operationType": "insert" }
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}
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])
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while (!watchCursor.isExhausted()){
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if (watchCursor.hasNext()){
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print(tojson(watchCursor.next()));
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}
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}
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```
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### 分片集群
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2 row-span-3-->
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```mongodb
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sh.status()
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sh.addShard("rs1/mongodbd1.example.net:27017")
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sh.shardCollection("mydb.coll", {zipcode: 1})
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sh.moveChunk("mydb.coll", { zipcode: "53187" }, "shard0019")
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sh.splitAt("mydb.coll", {x: 70})
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sh.splitFind("mydb.coll", {x: 70})
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sh.disableAutoSplit()
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sh.enableAutoSplit()
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sh.startBalancer()
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sh.stopBalancer()
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sh.disableBalancing("mydb.coll")
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sh.enableBalancing("mydb.coll")
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sh.getBalancerState()
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sh.setBalancerState(true/false)
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sh.isBalancerRunning()
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sh.addTagRange("mydb.coll", {state: "NY",zip: MinKey}, {state: "NY",zip: MaxKey}, "NY")
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sh.removeTagRange("mydb.coll", {state: "NY",zip: MinKey}, {state: "NY",zip: MaxKey}, "NY")
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sh.addShardTag("shard0000", "NYC")
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sh.removeShardTag("shard0000", "NYC")
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sh.addShardToZone("shard0000", "JFK")
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sh.removeShardFromZone("shard0000", "NYC")
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sh.removeRangeFromZone("mydb.coll", {a: 1, b: 1}, {a: 10, b: 10})
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```
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### 副本集
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```mongodb
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rs.status()
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rs.initiate({"_id": "replicaTest",
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members: [
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{ _id: 0, host: "127.0.0.1:27017" },
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{ _id: 1, host: "127.0.0.1:27018" },
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{ _id: 2, host: "127.0.0.1:27019",
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arbiterOnly:true }]
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})
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rs.add("mongodbd1.example.net:27017")
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rs.addArb("mongodbd2.example.net:27017")
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rs.remove("mongodbd1.example.net:27017")
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rs.conf()
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rs.isMaster()
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rs.printReplicationInfo()
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rs.printSlaveReplicationInfo()
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rs.reconfig(<valid_conf>)
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rs.slaveOk()
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rs.stepDown(20, 5)
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// (stepDownSecs, secondaryCatchUpPeriodSecs)
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```
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