642 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
642 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
GitLab CI/CD 备忘清单
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===
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本备忘单总结了 [GitLab CI/CD](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/#default) 常用的配置说明，以供快速参考
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入门
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---
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### 介绍
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关键字
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---
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### 关键字
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关键字 | 描述
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:-- | --
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[default](#default) | 工作关键字的自定义默认值 [#](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/#default)
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[include](#include) | 从其他 YAML 文件导入配置 [#](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/#include)
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[stages](#stages) | 管道阶段的名称和顺序 [#](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/#stages)
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[variables](#variables) | 为管道中的所有作业定义 CI/CD 变量 [#](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/#variables)
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[workflow](#workflow) | 控制运行什么类型的管道 [#](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/#workflow)
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### 关键字
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
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关键字 | 描述
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:-- | --
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[after_script](#after_script) | 覆盖一组在作业之后执行的命令 [#](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/#after_script)
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[allow_failure](#allow_failure) | 允许作业失败。失败的作业不会导致管道失败 [#](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/#allow_failure)
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[artifacts](#artifacts) | 成功时附加到作业的文件和目录列表 [#](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/#artifacts)
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[before_script](#before_script) | 覆盖在作业之前执行的一组命令 [#](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/#before_script)
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[cache](#cache) | 应在后续运行之间缓存的文件列表 [#](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/#cache)
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[coverage](#coverage) | 给定作业的代码覆盖率设置 [#](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/#coverage)
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[dast_configuration](#dast_configuration) | 在作业级别使用 DAST 配置文件中的配置 [#](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/#dast_configuration)
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[dependencies](#dependencies) | 通过提供要从中获取工件的作业列表来限制将哪些工件传递给特定作业 [#](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/#dependencies)
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[environment](#environment) | 作业部署到的环境的名称 [#](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/#environment)
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[except](#only--except) | 控制何时不创建作业 [#](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/#only--except)
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[extends](#extends) | 此作业继承自的配置条目 [#](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/#extends)
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[image](#image) | 使用 Docker 镜像 [#](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/#image)
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[inherit](#inherit) | 选择所有作业继承的全局默认值 [#](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/#inherit)
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[interruptible](#interruptible) | 定义作业是否可以在被较新的运行冗余时取消 [#](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/#interruptible)
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[needs](#needs) | 在阶段排序之前执行作业 [#](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/#needs)
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[only](#only--except) | 控制何时创建作业 [#](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/#only--except)
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[pages](#pages) | 上传作业的结果以与 GitLab Pages 一起使用 [#](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/#pages)
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[parallel](#parallel) | 应并行运行多少个作业实例 [#](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/#parallel)
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[release](#release) | 指示运行器生成释放对象 [#](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/#release)
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[resource_group](#resource_group) | 限制作业并发 [#](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/#resource_group)
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[retry](#retry) | 发生故障时可以自动重试作业的时间和次数 [#](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/#retry)
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[rules](#rules) | 用于评估和确定作业的选定属性以及是否创建的条件列表 [#](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/#rules)
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[script](#script) | 由运行器执行的 Shell 脚本 [#](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/#script)
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[secrets](#secrets) | CI/CD 保密工作需要 [#](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/#secrets)
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[services](#services) | 使用 Docker 服务映像 [#](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/#services)
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[stage](#stage) | 定义作业阶段 [#](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/#stage)
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[tags](#tags) | 用于选择跑步者的标签列表 [#](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/#tags)
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[timeout](#timeout) | 定义优先于项目范围设置的自定义作业级超时 [#](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/#timeout)
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[trigger](#trigger) | 定义下游管道触发器 [#](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/#trigger)
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[variables](#variables) | 在作业级别定义作业变量 [#](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/#variables)
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[when](#when) | 何时运行作业 [#](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/#when)
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全局关键词
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---
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### default
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-3-->
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- [after_script](#after_script)
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- [artifacts](#artifacts)
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- [before_script](#before_script)
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- [cache](#cache)
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- [image](#image)
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- [interruptible](#interruptible)
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- [retry](#retry)
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- [services](#services)
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- [tags](#tags)
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- [timeout](#timeout)
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<!--rehype:className=cols-3-->
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示例
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```yml
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default:
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image: ruby:3.0
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rspec:
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script: bundle exec rspec
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rspec 2.7:
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image: ruby:2.7
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script: bundle exec rspec
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```
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在此示例中，`ruby:3.0` 是管道中所有作业的默认图像值。`rspec 2.7` 作业不使用默认值，因为它使用特定于作业的图像部分覆盖了默认值
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### include
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在 `11.4` 中移至 `GitLab` 免费版，使用 `include` 将外部 `YAML` 文件包含在您的 `CI/CD` 配置中
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```yml
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include:
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- local: '/temp/.gitlab-ci-template.yml'
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```
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### include:local
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使用 `include:local` 包含与 `.gitlab-ci.yml` 文件位于同一存储库中的文件
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```yml
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include:
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- local: '/temp/.gitlab-ci-template.yml'
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```
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### include:project
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
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要在同一个 GitLab 实例上包含来自另一个私有项目的文件，请使用 `include:project` 和 `include:file`
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```yml
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include:
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- project: 'group/my-project'
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file: '/temp/.gitlab-ci-template.yml'
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- project: 'group/subgroup/my-project-2'
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file:
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- '/temp/.builds.yml'
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- '/temp/.tests.yml'
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```
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您还可以指定一个 `ref`：
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```yml
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include:
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- project: 'group/my-project'
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ref: main # Git branch
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file: '/templates/.gitlab-ci.yml'
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- project: 'group/my-project'
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ref: v1.0.0 # Git Tag
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file: '/templates/.gitlab-ci.yml'
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- project: 'group/my-project'
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ref: 787123b # Git SHA
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file: '/templates/.gitlab-ci.yml'
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```
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### include:remote
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使用带有完整 `URL` 的 `include:remote` 来包含来自不同位置的文件
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```yml
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include:
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- remote: 'https://gitlab.com/example-project/-/raw/main/.gitlab-ci.yml'
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```
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### include:template
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使用 `include:template` 来包含 `.gitlab-ci.yml` 模板
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```yml
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# 文件来自 GitLab 模板集合
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include:
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- template: Auto-DevOps.gitlab-ci.yml
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```
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多个 `include:template` 文件：
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```yml
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include:
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- template: Android-Fastlane.gitlab-ci.yml
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- template: Auto-DevOps.gitlab-ci.yml
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```
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### stages
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使用阶段来定义包含作业组的阶段。如果 `.gitlab-ci.yml` 文件中未定义阶段，则默认管道阶段为：
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- [.pre](#stage-pre)
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- build
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- test
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- deploy
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- [.post](#stage-post)
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<!--rehype:className=cols-2-->
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---
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```yml
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stages:
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- build
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- test
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- deploy
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```
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workflow
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---
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### workflow:name
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您可以在 workflow: 中使用 name 来定义管道的名称
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```yml
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workflow:
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name: '分支管道：$CI_COMMIT_BRANCH'
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```
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根据管道条件具有不同管道名称的配置：
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```yml
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variables:
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PIPELINE_NAME: '默认管道名称'
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workflow:
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name: '$PIPELINE_NAME'
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rules:
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- if: '$CI_PIPELINE_SOURCE == "merge_request_event"'
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variables:
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PIPELINE_NAME: 'MR pipeline: $CI_COMMIT_BRANCH'
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- if: '$CI_MERGE_REQUEST_LABELS =~ /pipeline:run-in-ruby3/'
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variables:
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PIPELINE_NAME: 'Ruby 3 pipeline'
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```
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### workflow:rules:variables
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2 row-span-2-->
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您可以在 `workflow:rules` 中使用变量来定义特定管道条件的变量
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```yml
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variables:
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DEPLOY_VARIABLE: "default-deploy"
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workflow:
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rules:
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- if: $CI_COMMIT_REF_NAME == $CI_DEFAULT_BRANCH
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variables:
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DEPLOY_VARIABLE: "deploy-production" # 覆盖全局定义的 DEPLOY_VARIABLE
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- if: $CI_COMMIT_REF_NAME =~ /feature/
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variables:
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IS_A_FEATURE: "true" # 定义一个新变量
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- when: always # 在其他情况下运行管道
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job1:
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variables:
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DEPLOY_VARIABLE: "job1-default-deploy"
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rules:
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- if: $CI_COMMIT_REF_NAME == $CI_DEFAULT_BRANCH
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variables: # 覆盖定义的 DEPLOY_VARIABLE
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DEPLOY_VARIABLE: "job1-deploy-production" # 在工作层面。
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- when: on_success # 在其他情况下运行作业
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script:
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- echo "Run script with $DEPLOY_VARIABLE as an argument"
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- echo "Run another script if $IS_A_FEATURE exists"
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job2:
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script:
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- echo "Run script with $DEPLOY_VARIABLE as an argument"
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- echo "Run another script if $IS_A_FEATURE exists"
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```
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### workflow:rules
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工作流(workflow)中的 `rules` 关键字类似于作业中定义的 [`rules`](#rules)，但控制是否创建整个管道
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- [rules: if](#rulesif)
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- [rules: changes](#ruleschanges)
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- [rules: exists](#rulesexists)
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- [when](#when)
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- [variables](#workflowrulesvariables)
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<!--rehype:className=cols-2-->
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```yml
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workflow:
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rules:
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- if: $CI_COMMIT_TITLE =~ /-draft$/
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when: never
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- if: $CI_PIPELINE_SOURCE == "merge_request_event"
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- if: $CI_COMMIT_BRANCH == $CI_DEFAULT_BRANCH
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```
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Job 关键词
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---
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### after_script
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在每个作业（包括失败的作业）**之后**运行的命令数组
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```yml
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job:
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script:
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- echo "示例脚本部分"
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after_script:
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- echo "在“script”部分完成后执行此命令"
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```
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### allow_failure
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
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确定管道是否应在作业失败时继续运行
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```yml
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job1:
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stage: test
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script:
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- execute_script_1
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job2:
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stage: test
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script:
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- execute_script_2
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allow_failure: true
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job3:
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stage: deploy
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script:
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- deploy_to_staging
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environment: staging
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```
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#### allow_failure:exit_codes
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控制何时允许作业失败。对于任何列出的退出代码，作业是 `allow_failure: true`，对于任何其他退出代码，`allow_failure` false
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```yml
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test_job_1:
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script:
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- echo "运行导致退出代码 1 的脚本。此作业失败"
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- exit 1
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allow_failure:
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exit_codes: 137
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test_job_2:
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script:
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- echo "运行导致退出代码 137 的脚本。允许此作业失败"
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- exit 137
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allow_failure:
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exit_codes:
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- 137
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- 255
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```
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### before_script
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在每个作业的 `script` 命令之前运行，但在工件恢复之后运行
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```yml
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job:
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before_script:
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- echo "在任何“script:”命令之前执行此命令。"
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script:
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- echo "此命令在作业的“before_script”命令之后执行"
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```
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### coverage
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### dast_configuration
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### dependencies
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### extends
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### inherit
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#### inherit:default
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#### inherit:variables
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### interruptible
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### pages
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### parallel
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#### parallel:matrix
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### resource_group
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### retry
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#### retry:when
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### script
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### secrets
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#### secrets:vault
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#### secrets:file
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### services
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#### service:pull_policy
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### stage
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#### stage: .pre
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#### stage: .post
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### tags
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### timeout
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### trigger
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#### trigger:include
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#### trigger:project
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#### trigger:strategy
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#### trigger:forward
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### variables
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#### variables:description
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#### variables:expand
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### when
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artifacts
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---
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使用工件指定要将哪些文件另存为作业 artifacts。作业 artifacts 是作业成功、失败或始终附加到作业的文件和目录的列表
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### artifacts:paths
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路径是相对于项目目录（$CI_PROJECT_DIR）的，不能直接链接到项目目录之外
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```yml
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job:
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artifacts:
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paths:
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- binaries/
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- .config
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```
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### artifacts:exclude
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防止将文件添加到 artifacts 存档中
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```yml
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artifacts:
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paths:
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- binaries/
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exclude:
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- binaries/**/*.o
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```
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### artifacts:expire_in
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指定作业 artifacts 在它们过期和被删除之前存储多长时间
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```yml
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job:
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artifacts:
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expire_in: 1 week
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```
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---
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- '42'
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- 42 seconds
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- 3 mins 4 sec
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- 2 hrs 20 min
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- 2h20min
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- 6 mos 1 day
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- 47 yrs 6 mos and 4d
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- 3 weeks and 2 days
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- never
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<!--rehype:className=cols-2-->
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### artifacts:expose_as
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使用 `artifacts:expose_as` 关键字在合并请求 UI 中公开作业 artifacts
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```yml
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test:
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script: ["echo 'test' > file.txt"]
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artifacts:
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expose_as: 'artifact 1'
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paths: ['file.txt']
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```
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### artifacts:name
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定义创建的 `artifacts` 存档的名称。您可以为每个存档指定一个唯一的名称
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|
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```yml
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job:
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artifacts:
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name: "job1-artifacts-file"
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paths:
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- binaries/
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```
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### artifacts:public
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确定作业工件是否应该公开可用
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|
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```yml
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job:
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artifacts:
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public: false
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```
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### artifacts:reports
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|
||
收集作业中包含的模板生成的 `artifacts`
|
||
|
||
```yml
|
||
rspec:
|
||
stage: test
|
||
script:
|
||
- bundle install
|
||
- rspec --format RspecJunitFormatter --out rspec.xml
|
||
artifacts:
|
||
reports:
|
||
junit: rspec.xml
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### artifacts:untracked
|
||
|
||
将所有 Git 未跟踪文件添加为 `artifacts`（连同在 `artifacts:paths` 中定义的路径）
|
||
|
||
```yml
|
||
job:
|
||
artifacts:
|
||
untracked: true
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### artifacts:when
|
||
|
||
作业失败或尽管失败时上传 `artifacts`
|
||
|
||
```yml
|
||
job:
|
||
artifacts:
|
||
when: on_failure
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
cache
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
### cache:paths
|
||
|
||
### cache:key
|
||
|
||
#### `cache:key:files`
|
||
|
||
#### `cache:key:prefix`
|
||
|
||
### cache:untracked
|
||
|
||
### cache:when
|
||
|
||
### cache:policy
|
||
|
||
environment
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
### environment:name
|
||
|
||
### environment:url
|
||
|
||
### environment:on_stop
|
||
|
||
### environment:action
|
||
|
||
### environment:auto_stop_in
|
||
|
||
### environment:kubernetes
|
||
|
||
### environment:deployment_tier
|
||
|
||
### Dynamic environments
|
||
|
||
image
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
### image:name
|
||
|
||
### image:entrypoint
|
||
|
||
### image:pull_policy
|
||
|
||
needs
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
### needs:artifacts
|
||
|
||
### needs:project
|
||
|
||
### needs:pipeline:job
|
||
|
||
### needs:optional
|
||
|
||
### needs:pipeline
|
||
|
||
only / except
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
### only:refs / except:refs
|
||
|
||
### only:variables / except:variables
|
||
|
||
### only:changes / except:changes
|
||
|
||
### only:kubernetes / except:kubernetes
|
||
|
||
release
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
### release:tag_name
|
||
|
||
### release:tag_message
|
||
|
||
### release:name
|
||
|
||
### release:description
|
||
|
||
### release:ref
|
||
|
||
### release:milestones
|
||
|
||
### release:released_at
|
||
|
||
### release:assets:links
|
||
|
||
rules
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
### rules:if
|
||
|
||
### rules:changes
|
||
|
||
#### rules:changes:paths
|
||
|
||
#### rules:changes:compare_to
|
||
|
||
### rules:exists
|
||
|
||
### rules:allow_failure
|
||
|
||
### rules:variables
|