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			1208 lines
		
	
	
		
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			Markdown
		
	
	
	
	
	
			
		
		
	
	
			1208 lines
		
	
	
		
			26 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			Markdown
		
	
	
	
	
	
SwiftUI 2.0 备忘清单
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===
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该备忘单提供了使用 [SwiftUI](https://developer.apple.com/xcode/swiftui/) 的标签的一些示例等
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入门
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---
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### 介绍
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[SwiftUI](https://developer.apple.com/xcode/swiftui/) 提供用于声明应用程序用户界面的视图、控件和布局结构
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- [SwiftUI Document](https://developer.apple.com/xcode/swiftui/) _(apple.com)_
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- [SwiftUI 2.0 备忘清单](https://wangchujiang.com/swiftui-example/cheat-sheet.html) _(swiftui-example)_
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- [Swift 备忘清单](./swift.md) _(jaywcjlove.github.io)_
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```swift
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import SwiftUI
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struct AlbumDetail: View {
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  var album: Album
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  var body: some View {
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    List(album.songs) { song in 
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      HStack {
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        Image(album.cover)
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        VStack(alignment: .leading) {
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          Text(song.title)
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        }
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      }
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    }
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  }
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}
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```
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### SwiftUI 与 UIKit 效果一致
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
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- [Text](#text) & [Label](#label) _(UILabel)_
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- [Image](#image-图片) _(UIImageView)_
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- [TextField](#texteditor-多行可滚动文本编辑器) / [SecureField](#securefield-密码输入框) _(UITextField)_
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- [TextEditor](#texteditor-多行可滚动文本编辑器) _(UITextView)_
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- [Toggle](#toggle-开关选择器) _(UISwitch)_
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- [Slider](#slider-滑动输入条) _(UISlider)_
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- [Button](#button-按钮控件)/ [Link](#link) _(UIButton)_
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- [List](#link) _(UITableView)_
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- [LazyVGrid](#lazyvgrid) / [LazyHGrid](#lazyhgrid) _(UICollectionView)_
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- [NavigationView](#navigationview) _(UINavigationController)_
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- [TabView](#tabview) _(UITabBarController)_
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- [Alert](#alert) _(UIAlertController 带有样式 .alert)_
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- [ActionSheet](#actionsheet) _(UIAlertController 带有样式 .actionSheet)_
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- [HStack](#hstack) / [LazyHStack](#lazyhstack) _(UIStackView 带水平轴)_
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- [VStack](#vstack) / [LazyVStack](#lazyvstack) _(UIStackView 带垂直轴)_
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- [Picker](#picker-选择控件) _(UISegmentedControl)_
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- [Stepper](#stepper-执行语义递增和递减操作的控件) _(UIStepper)_
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- [DatePicker](#datepicker-日期控件) _(UIDatePicker)_
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- [Text](#text) _(NSAttributedString)无等效项)_
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- [Map](#map-地图界面的视图) _(MapKit)_
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- [ProgressView](#progressview-进度视图) _(UIProgressView)_
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- [Shape](#shape) / [Rectangle](#shape) / [Circle](#shape)
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<!--rehype:className=cols-2-->
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View(视图)
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---
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### Text
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要在UI中显示文本,只需编写:
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```swift
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Text("Hello World")
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```
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添加样式
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```swift
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Text("Hello World")
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    .font(.largeTitle)
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    .foregroundColor(Color.green)
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    .lineSpacing(50)
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    .lineLimit(nil)
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    .padding()
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```
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### Text 设置文本格式
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
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```swift
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static let dateFormatter: DateFormatter = {
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  let formatter = DateFormatter()
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  formatter.dateStyle = .long
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  return formatter
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}()
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var now = Date()
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var body: some View {
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  Text("Task due date: \(now, formatter: Self.dateFormatter)")
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}
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```
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### Label
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
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可以使用以下代码行在文本旁边设置图标。
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```swift
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Label("SwiftUI CheatSheet", systemImage: "up.icloud")
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```
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文档 - [Label](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/label)
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### Link
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可以设置URL,单击后将重定向到浏览器。
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```swift
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Link("Click me", destination: URL(string: "your_url")!)
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```
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文档 - [Label](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/link)
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### Image 图片
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
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显示与环境相关的图像的视图。
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```swift
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Image("foo") // 图像名称是foo
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```
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我们可以使用新的 `SF Symbols`
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```swift
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Image(systemName: "clock.fill")
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```
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您可以向系统图标集添加样式以匹配您使用的字体
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```swift
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Image(systemName: "cloud.heavyrain.fill")
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    .foregroundColor(.red)
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    .font(.title)
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Image(systemName: "clock")
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    .foregroundColor(.red)
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    .font(Font.system(.largeTitle).bold())
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```
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为图像添加样式
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```swift
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Image("foo")
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  .resizable() // 调整大小以便填充所有可用空间
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  .aspectRatio(contentMode: .fit)
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```
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文档 - [Image](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/image)
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### Shape
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创建矩形的步骤
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```swift
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Rectangle()
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    .fill(Color.red)
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    .frame(width: 200, height: 200)
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```
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创建圆的步骤
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```swift
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Circle()
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  .fill(Color.blue)
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  .frame(width: 50, height: 50)
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```
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文档 - [Image](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/shapes)
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### ProgressView 进度视图
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显示任务完成进度的视图。
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```swift
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@State private var progress = 0.5
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VStack {
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    ProgressView(value: progress)
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    Button("More", action: { progress += 0.05 })
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}
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```
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<!--rehype:className=wrap-text -->
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通过应用 `CircularProgressViewStyle`,可以将其用作 `UIActivityIndicatorView`。
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```swift
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ProgressView(value: progress)
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    .progressViewStyle(CircularProgressViewStyle())
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```
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<!--rehype:className=wrap-text -->
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文档 - [ProgressView](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/progressview)
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### Map 地图界面的视图
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-3-->
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显示指定区域的地图
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```swift
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import MapKit
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@State var region = MKCoordinateRegion(center: .init(latitude: 37.334722, longitude: -122.008889), latitudinalMeters: 300, longitudinalMeters: 300)
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Map(coordinateRegion: $region)
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```
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<!--rehype:className=wrap-text -->
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您可以通过指定 `interactionModes`(使用`[]`禁用所有交互)来控制地图的交互。
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```swift
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struct PinItem: Identifiable {
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    let id = UUID()
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    let coordinate: CLLocationCoordinate2D
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}
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Map(coordinateRegion: $region, 
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    interactionModes: [], 
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    showsUserLocation: true, 
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    userTrackingMode: nil, 
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    annotationItems: [PinItem(coordinate: .init(latitude: 37.334722, longitude: -122.008889))]) { item in                    
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    MapMarker(coordinate: item.coordinate)
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}
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```
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文档 - [Map](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/mapkit/map)
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Layout(布局)
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----
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### Background
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将图像用作背景
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```swift
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Text("Hello World")
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    .font(.largeTitle)
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    .background(
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        Image("hello_world")
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            .resizable()
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            .frame(width: 100, height: 100)
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    )
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```
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### VStack
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以垂直线排列其子项的视图
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```swift
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VStack (alignment: .center, spacing: 20){
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    Text("Hello")
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    Divider()
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    Text("World")
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}
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```
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创建静态可滚动列表。文档 - [VStack](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/vstack)
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### HStack
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将其子级排列在一条水平线上的视图。
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创建静态可滚动列表
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```swift
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HStack (alignment: .center, spacing: 20){
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    Text("Hello")
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    Divider()
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    Text("World")
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}
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```
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文档 - [HStack](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/hstack)
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### LazyVStack
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`iOS 14` 一种视图,将其子级排列在垂直增长的线中,仅在需要时创建项。
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```swift
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ScrollView {
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  LazyVStack(alignment: .leading) {
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    ForEach(1...100, id: \.self) {
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        Text("Row \($0)")
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    }
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  }
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}
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```
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文档 - [LazyVStack](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/lazyvstack)
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### LazyHStack
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
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将子项排列在水平增长的线中的视图,仅在需要时创建项。
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```swift
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ScrollView(.horizontal) {
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    LazyHStack(alignment: .center, spacing: 20) {
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        ForEach(1...100, id: \.self) {
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            Text("Column \($0)")
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        }
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    }
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}
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```
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文档 - [LazyHStack](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/lazyhstack)
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### ZStack
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覆盖其子项的视图,使子项在两个轴上对齐。
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```swift
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ZStack {
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    Text("Hello")
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        .padding(10)
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        .background(Color.red)
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        .opacity(0.8)
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    Text("World")
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        .padding(20)
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        .background(Color.red)
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        .offset(x: 0, y: 40)
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}
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```
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文档 - [ZStack](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/zstack)
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### LazyVGrid
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
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容器视图,将其子视图排列在垂直增长的网格中,仅在需要时创建项目。
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```swift
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var columns: [GridItem] = Array(repeating: .init(.fixed(20)), count: 5)
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ScrollView {
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    LazyVGrid(columns: columns) {
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        ForEach((0...100), id: \.self) {
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            Text("\($0)").background(Color.pink)
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        }
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    }
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}
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```
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文档 - [LazyVGrid](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/lazyvgrid)
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### LazyHGrid
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一种容器视图,将其子视图排列在水平增长的网格中,仅在需要时创建项目。
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```swift
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var rows: [GridItem] =
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  Array(
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    repeating: .init(.fixed(20)), count: 2
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  )
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ScrollView(.horizontal) {
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  LazyHGrid(rows: rows, alignment: .top) {
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    ForEach((0...100), id: \.self) {
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      Text("\($0)").background(Color.pink)
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    }
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  }
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}
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```
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文档 - [LazyHGrid](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/lazyhgrid)
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### Spacer
 | 
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沿其包含的堆栈布局的主轴或如果不包含在堆栈中的两个轴上扩展的灵活空间。
 | 
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```swift
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HStack {
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    Image(systemName: "clock")
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    Spacer()
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    Text("Time")
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}
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```
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文档 - [Spacer](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/spacer)
 | 
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### Divider
 | 
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 | 
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可用于分隔其他内容的视觉元素。
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```swift
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						||
HStack {
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						||
    Image(systemName: "clock")
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						||
    Divider()
 | 
						||
    Text("Time")
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						||
}.fixedSize()
 | 
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```
 | 
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 | 
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文档 - [Divider](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/divider)
 | 
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 | 
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Input(输入)
 | 
						||
---
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### Toggle 开关选择器
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
在打开和关闭状态之间切换的控件。
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```swift
 | 
						||
@State var isShowing = true // toggle state
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
Toggle(isOn: $isShowing) {
 | 
						||
    Text("Hello World")
 | 
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}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
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 | 
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如果您的 `Toggle` 的标签只有 `Text`,则可以使用此更简单的签名进行初始化。
 | 
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 | 
						||
```swift
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Toggle("Hello World", isOn: $isShowing)
 | 
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```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
文档 - [Toggle](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/toggle)
 | 
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 | 
						||
### Button 按钮控件
 | 
						||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
在触发时执行操作的控件。
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```swift
 | 
						||
Button(
 | 
						||
    action: {
 | 
						||
        print("did tap")
 | 
						||
    },
 | 
						||
    label: { Text("Click Me") }
 | 
						||
)
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
如果 `Button` 的标签仅为 `Text`,则可以使用此更简单的签名进行初始化。
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```swift
 | 
						||
Button("Click Me") {
 | 
						||
    print("did tap")
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
您可以通过此按钮了解一下
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```swift
 | 
						||
Button(action: {
 | 
						||
    // 退出应用
 | 
						||
    NSApplication.shared.terminate(self)
 | 
						||
}, label: {
 | 
						||
    Image(systemName: "clock")
 | 
						||
    Text("Click Me")
 | 
						||
    Text("Subtitle")
 | 
						||
})
 | 
						||
.foregroundColor(Color.white)
 | 
						||
.padding()
 | 
						||
.background(Color.blue)
 | 
						||
.cornerRadius(5)
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
文档 - [Button](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/button)
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### TextField 输入框
 | 
						||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
显示可编辑文本界面的控件。
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```swift
 | 
						||
@State var name: String = "John"    
 | 
						||
var body: some View {
 | 
						||
    TextField("Name's placeholder", text: $name)
 | 
						||
        .textFieldStyle(RoundedBorderTextFieldStyle())
 | 
						||
        .padding()
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
取消编辑框焦点样式。
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```swift
 | 
						||
extension NSTextField { // << workaround !!!
 | 
						||
    open override var focusRingType: NSFocusRingType {
 | 
						||
        get { .none }
 | 
						||
        set { }
 | 
						||
    }
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
如何居中放置 `TextField` 的文本
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```swift
 | 
						||
struct ContentView: View {
 | 
						||
    @State var text: String = "TextField Text"
 | 
						||
    var body: some View {
 | 
						||
        TextField("Placeholder Text", text: $text)
 | 
						||
            .padding(.all, 20)
 | 
						||
            .multilineTextAlignment(.center)
 | 
						||
    }
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
文档 - [TextField](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/textfield)
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### SecureField 密码输入框
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
用户安全地输入私人文本的控件。
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```swift
 | 
						||
@State var password: String = "1234"    
 | 
						||
var body: some View {
 | 
						||
  SecureField($password)
 | 
						||
    .textFieldStyle(RoundedBorderTextFieldStyle())
 | 
						||
    .padding()
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
文档 - [SecureField](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/securefield)
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### TextEditor 多行可滚动文本编辑器
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
可以显示和编辑长格式文本的视图。
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```swift
 | 
						||
@State private var fullText: String = "这是一些可编辑的文本..."
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
var body: some View {
 | 
						||
  TextEditor(text: $fullText)
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text -->
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
设置 `TextEditor` 背景颜色
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```swift
 | 
						||
extension NSTextView {
 | 
						||
  open override var frame: CGRect {
 | 
						||
    didSet {
 | 
						||
      backgroundColor = .clear
 | 
						||
//      drawsBackground = true
 | 
						||
    }
 | 
						||
  }
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
struct DetailContent: View {
 | 
						||
  @State private var profileText: String = "输入您的简历"
 | 
						||
  var body: some View {
 | 
						||
    VSplitView(){
 | 
						||
      TextEditor(text: $profileText)
 | 
						||
        .background(Color.red)
 | 
						||
    }
 | 
						||
  }
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text -->
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
文档 - [TextEditor](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/texteditor)
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### DatePicker 日期控件
 | 
						||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2 row-span-2-->
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
日期选择器(DatePicker)的样式也会根据其祖先而改变。 在 `Form` 或 `List` 下,它显示为单个列表行,您可以点击以展开到日期选择器(就像日历应用程序一样)。
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```swift
 | 
						||
@State var selectedDate = Date()
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
var dateClosedRange: ClosedRange<Date> {
 | 
						||
    let min = Calendar.current.date(byAdding: .day, value: -1, to: Date())!
 | 
						||
    let max = Calendar.current.date(byAdding: .day, value: 1, to: Date())!
 | 
						||
    return min...max
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
NavigationView {
 | 
						||
  Form {
 | 
						||
      Section {
 | 
						||
          DatePicker(
 | 
						||
              selection: $selectedDate,
 | 
						||
              in: dateClosedRange,
 | 
						||
              displayedComponents: .date,
 | 
						||
              label: { Text("Due Date") }
 | 
						||
          )
 | 
						||
      }
 | 
						||
  }
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
在表格和列表的外部,它显示为普通的轮式拾取器
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```swift
 | 
						||
@State var selectedDate = Date()
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
var dateClosedRange: ClosedRange<Date> {
 | 
						||
  let min = Calendar.current.date(byAdding: .day, value: -1, to: Date())!
 | 
						||
  let max = Calendar.current.date(byAdding: .day, value: 1, to: Date())!
 | 
						||
  return min...max
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
DatePicker(selection: $selectedDate, in: dateClosedRange,
 | 
						||
  displayedComponents: [.hourAndMinute, .date],
 | 
						||
  label: { Text("Due Date") }
 | 
						||
)
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
如果 `DatePicker` 的标签仅是纯文本,则可以使用此更简单的签名进行初始化。
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```swift
 | 
						||
DatePicker("Due Date", selection: $selectedDate, in: dateClosedRange,
 | 
						||
  displayedComponents: [.hourAndMinute, .date])
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
可以使用 `ClosedRange`,`PartialRangeThrough` 和 `PartialRangeFrom` 来设置 `minimumDate` 和 `maximumDate`。
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```swift
 | 
						||
DatePicker("Minimum Date", selection: $selectedDate,
 | 
						||
    in: Date()...,
 | 
						||
    displayedComponents: [.date])
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
DatePicker("Maximum Date", selection: $selectedDate,
 | 
						||
    in: ...Date(),
 | 
						||
    displayedComponents: [.date])
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
文档 - [DatePicker](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/datepicker)
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### Slider 滑动输入条
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
用于从值的有界线性范围中选择一个值的控件。
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```swift
 | 
						||
@State var progress: Float = 0
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
Slider(value: $progress,
 | 
						||
  from: 0.0,
 | 
						||
  through: 100.0,
 | 
						||
  by: 5.0)
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
滑块缺少 `minimumValueImage` 和 `maximumValueImage`,但是我们可以通过 `HStack` 轻松地复制它
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```swift
 | 
						||
@State var progress: Float = 0
 | 
						||
HStack {
 | 
						||
    Image(systemName: "sun.min")
 | 
						||
    Slider(value: $progress,
 | 
						||
        from: 0.0,
 | 
						||
        through: 100.0,
 | 
						||
        by: 5.0)
 | 
						||
    Image(systemName: "sun.max.fill")
 | 
						||
}.padding()
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
文档 - [Slider](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/slider)
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### Picker 选择控件
 | 
						||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
用于从一组互斥值中进行选择的控件。
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
选择器样式的更改基于其祖先,在 `Form` 或 `List` 下,它显示为单个列表行,您可以点击以进入一个显示所有可能选项的新屏幕。
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```swift
 | 
						||
NavigationView {
 | 
						||
  Form {
 | 
						||
    Section {
 | 
						||
      Picker(selection: $selection,
 | 
						||
        label: Text("Picker Name"),
 | 
						||
        content: {
 | 
						||
            Text("Value 1").tag(0)
 | 
						||
            Text("Value 2").tag(1)
 | 
						||
            Text("Value 3").tag(2)
 | 
						||
            Text("Value 4").tag(3)
 | 
						||
      })
 | 
						||
    }
 | 
						||
  }
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
您可以使用 `.pickerStyle(WheelPickerStyle())` 覆盖样式。
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```swift
 | 
						||
@State var mapChoioce = 0
 | 
						||
var settings = ["Map", "Transit", "Satellite"]
 | 
						||
Picker("Options", selection: $mapChoioce) {
 | 
						||
    ForEach(0 ..< settings.count) { index in
 | 
						||
        Text(self.settings[index])
 | 
						||
            .tag(index)
 | 
						||
    }
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
}.pickerStyle(SegmentedPickerStyle())
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
在 `SwiftUI` 中,`UISegmentedControl` 只是 `Picker`的另一种样式。分段控制(SegmentedControl)在 `iOS 13` 中也焕然一新。文档 - [Picker](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/picker)
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### Stepper 执行语义递增和递减操作的控件
 | 
						||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
用于执行语义递增和递减操作的控件。
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```swift
 | 
						||
@State var quantity: Int = 0
 | 
						||
Stepper(
 | 
						||
  value: $quantity,
 | 
						||
  in: 0...10,
 | 
						||
  label: { Text("Quantity \(quantity)")}
 | 
						||
)
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
如果 `Stepper` 的标签只有 `Text`,则可以使用此更简单的签名进行初始化。
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```swift
 | 
						||
Stepper(
 | 
						||
  "Quantity \(quantity)",
 | 
						||
  value: $quantity,
 | 
						||
  in: 0...10
 | 
						||
)
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
如果要完全控制,他们可以提供裸机步进器,您可以在其中管理自己的数据源。
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```swift
 | 
						||
@State var quantity: Int = 0
 | 
						||
Stepper(onIncrement: {
 | 
						||
    self.quantity += 1
 | 
						||
}, onDecrement: {
 | 
						||
    self.quantity -= 1
 | 
						||
}, label: { Text("Quantity \(quantity)") })
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
如果您还为带有 `step` 的初始化程序的每个步骤指定了一个值的数量。
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```swift
 | 
						||
Stepper(
 | 
						||
  value: $quantity, in: 0...10, step: 2
 | 
						||
) {
 | 
						||
    Text("Quantity \(quantity)")
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
文档 - [Stepper](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/stepper)
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### Tap
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
对于单次敲击
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```swift
 | 
						||
Text("Tap me!").onTapGesture {
 | 
						||
  print("Tapped!")
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
用于双击
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```swift
 | 
						||
Text("Tap me!").onTapGesture(count: 2) {
 | 
						||
  print("Tapped!")
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### Gesture 手势
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
手势如轻敲手势、长按手势、拖拉手势
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```swift
 | 
						||
Text("Tap")
 | 
						||
  .gesture(
 | 
						||
      TapGesture()
 | 
						||
          .onEnded { _ in
 | 
						||
              // do something
 | 
						||
          }
 | 
						||
  )
 | 
						||
Text("Drag Me")
 | 
						||
  .gesture(
 | 
						||
      DragGesture(minimumDistance: 50)
 | 
						||
          .onEnded { _ in
 | 
						||
              // do something
 | 
						||
          }
 | 
						||
  )
 | 
						||
Text("Long Press")
 | 
						||
  .gesture(
 | 
						||
      LongPressGesture(minimumDuration: 2)
 | 
						||
          .onEnded { _ in
 | 
						||
              // do something
 | 
						||
          }
 | 
						||
  )
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### OnChange
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
onChange 是一个新的视图修改器,可用于所有 SwiftUI 视图。它允许您侦听状态更改并相应地对视图执行操作
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```swift
 | 
						||
TextEditor(text: $currentText)
 | 
						||
  .onChange(of: clearText) { value in
 | 
						||
      if clearText{
 | 
						||
          currentText = ""
 | 
						||
      }
 | 
						||
  }
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
List(列表)
 | 
						||
---
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### List 列表
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
一个容器,用于显示排列在单列中的数据行。创建静态可滚动列表
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```swift
 | 
						||
List {
 | 
						||
    Text("Hello world")
 | 
						||
    Text("Hello world")
 | 
						||
    Text("Hello world")
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### 创建动态列表
 | 
						||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2 row-span-2-->
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```swift
 | 
						||
let names = ["John", "Apple", "Seed"]
 | 
						||
List(names) { name in
 | 
						||
    Text(name)
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
添加 `Section`
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```swift
 | 
						||
List {
 | 
						||
    Section(header: Text("UIKit"), footer: Text("We will miss you")) {
 | 
						||
        Text("UITableView")
 | 
						||
    }
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
    Section(header: Text("SwiftUI"), footer: Text("A lot to learn")) {
 | 
						||
        Text("List")
 | 
						||
    }
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### 可混合的列表
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```swift
 | 
						||
List {
 | 
						||
    Text("Hello world")
 | 
						||
    Image(systemName: "clock")
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### 使其分组
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
添加 `.listStyle(GroupedListStyle())`
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```swift
 | 
						||
List {
 | 
						||
  Section(header: Text("UIKit"),
 | 
						||
    footer: Text("我们会想念你的")) {
 | 
						||
      Text("UITableView")
 | 
						||
  }
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
  Section(header: Text("SwiftUI"),
 | 
						||
    footer: Text("要学的东西很多")) {
 | 
						||
      Text("List")
 | 
						||
  }
 | 
						||
}.listStyle(GroupedListStyle())
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text -->
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### 插入分组
 | 
						||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2 row-span-2-->
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
要使其插入分组(`.insetGrouped`),请添加 `.listStyle(GroupedListStyle())` 并强制使用常规水平尺寸类 ``.environment(\.horizontalSizeClass, .regular)``。
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```swift
 | 
						||
List {
 | 
						||
    Section(header: Text("UIKit"), footer: Text("We will miss you")) {
 | 
						||
        Text("UITableView")
 | 
						||
    }
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
    Section(header: Text("SwiftUI"), footer: Text("A lot to learn")) {
 | 
						||
        Text("List")
 | 
						||
    }
 | 
						||
}.listStyle(GroupedListStyle())
 | 
						||
.environment(\.horizontalSizeClass, .regular)
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
> 插图分组已添加到 `iOS 13.2` 中的 `SwiftUI`
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
在 `iOS 14` 中,我们为此设置了专用样式。
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```swift
 | 
						||
.listStyle(InsetGroupedListStyle())
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
文档 - [List](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/list)
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### ScrollView 滚动视图
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
滚动视图。
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```swift
 | 
						||
ScrollView(alwaysBounceVertical: true) {
 | 
						||
    Image("foo")
 | 
						||
    Text("Hello World")
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
文档 - [ScrollView](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/scrollview)
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
Containers(容器)
 | 
						||
---
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### NavigationView
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
`NavigationView` 或多或少类似于 `UINavigationController`,它处理视图之间的导航,显示标题,将导航栏放在顶部。
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```swift
 | 
						||
NavigationView {
 | 
						||
    Text("Hello")
 | 
						||
        .navigationBarTitle(Text("World"), displayMode: .inline)
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
大标题使用 `.large` 将条形图项添加到导航视图
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```swift
 | 
						||
NavigationView {
 | 
						||
  Text("Hello")
 | 
						||
      .navigationBarTitle(Text("World"), displayMode: .inline)
 | 
						||
      .navigationBarItems(
 | 
						||
        trailing:
 | 
						||
            Button(
 | 
						||
                action: { print("Going to Setting") },
 | 
						||
                label: { Text("Setting") }
 | 
						||
            )
 | 
						||
    )
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### NavigationLink
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
按下时触发导航演示的按钮。这是 `pushViewController` 的替代品
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```swift
 | 
						||
NavigationView {
 | 
						||
    NavigationLink(destination:
 | 
						||
        Text("Detail")
 | 
						||
        .navigationBarTitle(Text("Detail"))
 | 
						||
    ) {
 | 
						||
        Text("Push")
 | 
						||
    }.navigationBarTitle(Text("Master"))
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
或者通过将组目标添加到自己的视图 `DetailView` 中,使其更具可读性
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```swift
 | 
						||
NavigationView {
 | 
						||
    NavigationLink(destination: DetailView()) {
 | 
						||
        Text("Push")
 | 
						||
    }.navigationBarTitle(Text("Master"))
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### Group
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
Group 创建多个视图作为一个视图,同时也避免了 Stack 的10视图最大限制
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```swift
 | 
						||
VStack {
 | 
						||
    Group {
 | 
						||
        Text("Hello")
 | 
						||
        Text("Hello")
 | 
						||
        Text("Hello")
 | 
						||
    }
 | 
						||
    Group {
 | 
						||
        Text("Hello")
 | 
						||
        Text("Hello")
 | 
						||
    }
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### TabView
 | 
						||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
一个视图,允许使用可交互的用户界面元素在多个子视图之间进行切换。
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```swift
 | 
						||
TabView {
 | 
						||
    Text("First View")
 | 
						||
        .font(.title)
 | 
						||
        .tabItem({ Text("First") })
 | 
						||
        .tag(0)
 | 
						||
    Text("Second View")
 | 
						||
        .font(.title)
 | 
						||
        .tabItem({ Text("Second") })
 | 
						||
        .tag(1)
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
图像和文本在一起。 您可以在此处使用 `SF Symbol`。
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```swift
 | 
						||
TabView {
 | 
						||
    Text("First View")
 | 
						||
        .font(.title)
 | 
						||
        .tabItem({
 | 
						||
            Image(systemName: "circle")
 | 
						||
            Text("First")
 | 
						||
        })
 | 
						||
        .tag(0)
 | 
						||
    Text("Second View")
 | 
						||
        .font(.title)
 | 
						||
        .tabItem(VStack {
 | 
						||
            Image("second")
 | 
						||
            Text("Second")
 | 
						||
        })
 | 
						||
        .tag(1)
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
或者您可以省略 `VStack`
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```swift
 | 
						||
TabView {
 | 
						||
    Text("First View")
 | 
						||
        .font(.title)
 | 
						||
        .tabItem({
 | 
						||
            Image(systemName: "circle")
 | 
						||
            Text("First")
 | 
						||
        })
 | 
						||
        .tag(0)
 | 
						||
    Text("Second View")
 | 
						||
        .font(.title)
 | 
						||
        .tabItem({
 | 
						||
            Image("second")
 | 
						||
            Text("Second")
 | 
						||
        })
 | 
						||
        .tag(1)
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### Form
 | 
						||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
用于对用于数据输入的控件(例如在设置或检查器中)进行分组的容器。
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```swift
 | 
						||
NavigationView {
 | 
						||
    Form {
 | 
						||
        Section {
 | 
						||
            Text("Plain Text")
 | 
						||
            Stepper(value: $quantity, in: 0...10, label: { Text("Quantity") })
 | 
						||
        }
 | 
						||
        Section {
 | 
						||
            DatePicker($date, label: { Text("Due Date") })
 | 
						||
            Picker(selection: $selection, label:
 | 
						||
                Text("Picker Name")
 | 
						||
                , content: {
 | 
						||
                    Text("Value 1").tag(0)
 | 
						||
                    Text("Value 2").tag(1)
 | 
						||
                    Text("Value 3").tag(2)
 | 
						||
                    Text("Value 4").tag(3)
 | 
						||
            })
 | 
						||
        }
 | 
						||
    }
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
您几乎可以在此表单中放入任何内容,它将为表单呈现适当的样式。文档 - [Form](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/form)
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### Modal
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
Modal 过渡。我们可以显示基于布尔的 Modal。
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```swift
 | 
						||
@State var isModal: Bool = false
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
var modal: some View {
 | 
						||
    Text("Modal")
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
Button("Modal") {
 | 
						||
    self.isModal = true
 | 
						||
}.sheet(isPresented: $isModal, content: {
 | 
						||
    self.modal
 | 
						||
})
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
文档 - [Sheet](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/view/3352791-sheet)
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### Alert
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
警报演示的容器。我们可以根据布尔值显示Alert。
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```swift
 | 
						||
@State var isError: Bool = false
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
Button("Alert") {
 | 
						||
    self.isError = true
 | 
						||
}.alert(isPresented: $isError, content: {
 | 
						||
    Alert(title: Text("Error"),
 | 
						||
      message: Text("Error Reason"),
 | 
						||
      dismissButton: .default(Text("OK"))
 | 
						||
    )
 | 
						||
})
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### Alert 也与可识别项绑定
 | 
						||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```swift
 | 
						||
@State var error: AlertError?
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
var body: some View {
 | 
						||
    Button("Alert Error") {
 | 
						||
        self.error = AlertError(reason: "Reason")
 | 
						||
    }.alert(item: $error, content: { error in
 | 
						||
        alert(reason: error.reason)
 | 
						||
    })    
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
func alert(reason: String) -> Alert {
 | 
						||
    Alert(title: Text("Error"),
 | 
						||
            message: Text(reason),
 | 
						||
            dismissButton: .default(Text("OK"))
 | 
						||
    )
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
struct AlertError: Identifiable {
 | 
						||
    var id: String {
 | 
						||
        return reason
 | 
						||
    }
 | 
						||
    
 | 
						||
    let reason: String
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
文档 - [Alert](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/alert)
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### ActionSheet
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
操作表演示文稿的存储类型。我们可以显示基于布尔值的 `ActionSheet`
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```swift
 | 
						||
@State var isSheet: Bool = false
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
var actionSheet: ActionSheet {
 | 
						||
  ActionSheet(title: Text("Action"),
 | 
						||
    message: Text("Description"),
 | 
						||
    buttons: [
 | 
						||
      .default(Text("OK"), action: {
 | 
						||
          
 | 
						||
      }),
 | 
						||
      .destructive(Text("Delete"), action: {
 | 
						||
          
 | 
						||
      })
 | 
						||
    ]
 | 
						||
  )
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
Button("Action Sheet") {
 | 
						||
    self.isSheet = true
 | 
						||
}.actionSheet(isPresented: $isSheet,
 | 
						||
  content: {
 | 
						||
    self.actionSheet
 | 
						||
})
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
### ActionSheet 也与可识别项绑定
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
```swift
 | 
						||
@State var sheetDetail: SheetDetail?
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
var body: some View {
 | 
						||
    Button("Action Sheet") {
 | 
						||
        self.sheetDetail = ModSheetDetail(body: "Detail")
 | 
						||
    }.actionSheet(item: $sheetDetail, content: { detail in
 | 
						||
        self.sheet(detail: detail.body)
 | 
						||
    })
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
func sheet(detail: String) -> ActionSheet {
 | 
						||
    ActionSheet(title: Text("Action"),
 | 
						||
                message: Text(detail),
 | 
						||
                buttons: [
 | 
						||
                    .default(Text("OK"), action: {
 | 
						||
                        
 | 
						||
                    }),
 | 
						||
                    .destructive(Text("Delete"), action: {
 | 
						||
                        
 | 
						||
                    })
 | 
						||
                ]
 | 
						||
    )
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
struct SheetDetail: Identifiable {
 | 
						||
    var id: String {
 | 
						||
        return body
 | 
						||
    }
 | 
						||
    let body: String
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
```
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
文档 - [ActionSheet](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/actionsheet)
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
另见
 | 
						||
---
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
- [SwiftUI 2.0 Cheat Sheet](https://github.com/SimpleBoilerplates/SwiftUI-Cheat-Sheet) _(github.com)_
 | 
						||
- [SwiftUI 2.0 备忘清单](https://wangchujiang.com/swiftui-example/cheat-sheet.html) _(swiftui-example)_
 | 
						||
- [Swift 备忘清单](./swift.mdl) _(jaywcjlove.github.io)_
 |