527 lines
8.2 KiB
Markdown
527 lines
8.2 KiB
Markdown
YAML 备忘清单
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====
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这是理解和编写 YAML 格式配置文件的快速参考备忘单。
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入门
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-----------
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### 介绍
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[YAML](https://yaml.org/) 是一种数据序列化语言，旨在供人类直接读写
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- YAML 不允许使用制表符
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- 元素部分之间必须有空间
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- YAML 区分大小写
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- 以 `.yaml` 或 `.yml` 扩展名结束您的 YAML 文件
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- YAML 是 JSON 的超集
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- Ansible playbook 是 YAML 文件
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<!--rehype:className=style-round-->
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### 标量类型
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
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```yaml
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n1: 1 # 整数
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n2: 1.234 # 浮点
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s1: 'abc' # 字符串
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s2: "abc" # 字符串
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s3: abc # 字符串
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b: false # 布尔类型
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d: 2015-04-05 # 日期类型
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```
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#### ↓ 等效的 JSON
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```json
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{
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"n1": 1,
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"n2": 1.234,
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"s1": "abc",
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"s2": "abc",
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"s3": "abc",
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"b": false,
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"d": "2015-04-05"
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}
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```
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使用空格缩进。 元素部分之间必须有空间。
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### 变量
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```yaml
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some_thing: &VAR_NAME foobar
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other_thing: *VAR_NAME
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```
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#### ↓ 等效的 JSON
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```json
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{
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"some_thing": "foobar",
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"other_thing": "foobar"
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}
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```
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### 注释
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```yaml
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# A single line comment example
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# block level comment example
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# comment line 1
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# comment line 2
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# comment line 3
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```
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### 多行字符串
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```yaml
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description: |
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hello
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world
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```
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#### ↓ 等效的 JSON
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```json
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{"description": "hello\nworld\n"}
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```
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### 继承
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
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```yaml
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parent: &defaults
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a: 2
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b: 3
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child:
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<<: *defaults
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b: 4
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```
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#### ↓ 等效的 JSON
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```json
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{
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"parent": {
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"a": 2,
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"b": 3
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},
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"child": {
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"a": 2,
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"b": 4
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}
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}
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```
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### 参考
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
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```yaml
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values: &ref
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- Will be
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- reused below
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other_values:
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i_am_ref: *ref
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```
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#### ↓ 等效的 JSON
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```json
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{
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"values": [
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"Will be",
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"reused below"
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],
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"other_values": {
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"i_am_ref": [
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"Will be",
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"reused below"
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]
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}
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}
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```
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### 折叠的字符串
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```yaml
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description: >
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hello
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world
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```
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#### ↓ 等效的 JSON
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```json
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{"description": "hello world\n"}
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```
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### 两份文件
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```yaml
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---
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document: this is doc 1
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---
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document: this is doc 2
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```
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YAML使用`---`将指令与文档内容分开。
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YAML Collections
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-----------
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### 序列
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```yaml
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- Mark McGwire
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- Sammy Sosa
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- Ken Griffey
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```
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#### ↓ 等效的 JSON
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```json
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[
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"Mark McGwire",
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"Sammy Sosa",
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"Ken Griffey"
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]
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```
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### 映射
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```yaml
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hr: 65 # Home runs
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avg: 0.278 # Batting average
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rbi: 147 # Runs Batted In
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```
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#### ↓ 等效的 JSON
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```json
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{
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"hr": 65,
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"avg": 0.278,
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"rbi": 147
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}
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```
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### 映射到序列
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```yaml
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attributes:
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- a1
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- a2
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methods: [getter, setter]
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```
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#### ↓ 等效的 JSON
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```json
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{
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"attributes": ["a1", "a2"],
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"methods": ["getter", "setter"]
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}
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```
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### 映射序列
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```yaml
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children:
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- name: Jimmy Smith
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age: 15
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- name: Jimmy Smith
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age: 15
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-
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name: Sammy Sosa
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age: 12
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```
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#### ↓ 等效的 JSON
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```json
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{
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"children": [
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{"name": "Jimmy Smith", "age": 15},
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{"name": "Jimmy Smith", "age": 15},
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{"name": "Sammy Sosa", "age": 12}
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]
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}
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```
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### 序列的序列
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```yaml
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my_sequences:
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- [1, 2, 3]
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- [4, 5, 6]
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-
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- 7
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- 8
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- 9
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- 0
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```
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#### ↓ 等效的 JSON
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```json
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{
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"my_sequences": [
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[1, 2, 3],
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[4, 5, 6],
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[7, 8, 9, 0]
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]
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}
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```
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### 映射的映射
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```yaml
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Mark McGwire: {hr: 65, avg: 0.278}
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Sammy Sosa: {
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hr: 63,
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avg: 0.288
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}
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```
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#### ↓ 等效的 JSON
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```json
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{
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"Mark McGwire": {
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"hr": 65,
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"avg": 0.278
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},
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"Sammy Sosa": {
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"hr": 63,
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"avg": 0.288
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}
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}
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```
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### 嵌套集合
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```yaml
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Jack:
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id: 1
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name: Franc
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salary: 25000
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hobby:
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- a
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- b
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location: {country: "A", city: "A-A"}
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```
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#### ↓ 等效的 JSON
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```json
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{
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"Jack": {
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"id": 1,
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"name": "Franc",
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"salary": 25000,
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"hobby": ["a", "b"],
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"location": {
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"country": "A", "city": "A-A"
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}
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}
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}
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```
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### 无序集
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```yaml
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set1: !!set
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? one
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? two
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set2: !!set {'one', "two"}
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```
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#### ↓ 等效的 JSON
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```json
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{
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"set1": {"one": null, "two": null},
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"set2": {"one": null, "two": null}
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}
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```
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集合表示为一个映射，其中每个键都与一个空值相关联
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### 有序映射
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```yaml
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ordered: !!omap
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- Mark McGwire: 65
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- Sammy Sosa: 63
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- Ken Griffy: 58
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```
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#### ↓ 等效的 JSON
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```json
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{
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"ordered": [
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{"Mark McGwire": 65},
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{"Sammy Sosa": 63},
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{"Ken Griffy": 58}
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]
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}
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```
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YAML 参考
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--------------
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### 条款
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- 序列又名数组或列表
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- 标量又名字符串或数字
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- 映射又名哈希或字典
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<!--rehype:className=style-round-->
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基于 YAML.org [refcard](https://yaml.org/refcard.html)。
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### 文档指标
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:- | :-
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:- | :-
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`%` | 指令指标
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`---` | 文档标题
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`...` | 文档终结者
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### 收集指标
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
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:- | :-
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:- | :-
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`?` | 关键指标
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`:` | 价值指标
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`-` | 嵌套系列条目指示器
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`,` | 单独的内联分支条目
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`[]` | 环绕串联系列分支
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`{}` | 环绕在线键控分支
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### 别名指标
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:- | :-
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:- | :-
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`&` | 锚属性
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`*` | 别名指示符
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### 特殊键
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:- | :-
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:- | :-
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`=` | 默认“值”映射键
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`<<` | 合并来自另一个映射的键
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### 标量指标
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:- | :-
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:- | :-
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`''` | 环绕内联未转义标量
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`"` | 环绕内嵌转义标量
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`|` | 块标量指示器
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`>` | 折叠标量指示器
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`-` | 剥离 chomp 修饰符（`\|-` 或 `>-`）
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`+` | 保留 chomp 修饰符（`\|+` 或 `>+`）
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`1-9` | 显式缩进修饰符（`\|1` 或 `>2`）。 <br/> 修饰符可以组合（`\|2-`, `>+1`）
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### 标签属性（通常未指定）
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
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:- | :-
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:- | :-
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`none` | 未指定的标签（由应用程序自动解析）
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`!` | 非特定标签（默认情况下，`!!map`/`!!seq`/`!!str`）
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`!foo` | 主要（按照惯例，表示本地 `!foo` 标记）
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`!!foo` | 次要的（按照惯例，表示 `tag:yaml.org,2002:foo`）
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`!h!foo` | 需要 `%TAG !h! <prefix>`（然后表示 `<prefix>foo`）
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`!<foo>` | 逐字标记（始终表示“foo”）
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<!--rehype:class=auto-wrap-->
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### 杂项指标
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|-----|-----------------------------|
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| `#` | 一次性评论指示器 |
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| <code>\`@</code> | 两者都保留供将来使用 |
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### 核心类型（默认自动标签）
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
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|---------|------------------------------------------|
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| `!!map` | `{Hash table, dictionary, mapping}` |
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| `!!seq` | `{List, array, tuple, vector, sequence}` |
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| `!!str` | Unicode 字符串 |
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### 转义码
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-3-->
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#### Numeric
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- `\x12` (8-bit)
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- `\u1234` (16-bit)
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- `\U00102030` (32-bit)
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<!--rehype:className=cols-2 style-none-->
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#### Protective
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- `\\` (\\)
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- `\"` (")
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- `\` ( )
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- `\<TAB>` (TAB)
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<!--rehype:className=cols-3 style-none-->
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#### C
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- `\0` (NUL)
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- `\a` (BEL)
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- `\b` (BS)
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- `\f` (FF)
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- `\n` (LF)
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- `\r` (CR)
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- `\t` (TAB)
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- `\v` (VTAB)
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<!--rehype:className=cols-3 style-none-->
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#### 额外的
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- `\e` (ESC)
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- `\_` (NBSP)
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- `\N` (NEL)
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- `\L` (LS)
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- `\P` (PS)
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<!--rehype:className=cols-3 style-none-->
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### 更多类型
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|----------|-----------------------------|
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| `!!set` | `{cherries, plums, apples}` |
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| `!!omap` | `[one: 1, two: 2]` |
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### 与语言无关的标量类型
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
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| | |
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|---------------------------|--------------------------------------------|
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| `{~, null}` | 空（无值）。 |
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| `[1234, 0x4D2, 02333]` | [十进制整数、十六进制整数、八进制整数] |
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| `[1_230.15, 12.3015e+02]` | [固定浮点数，指数浮点数] |
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| `[.inf, -.Inf, .NAN]` | [无穷大（浮点数），负数，不是数字] |
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| `{Y, true, Yes, ON}` | 布尔真 |
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| `{n, FALSE, No, off}` | 布尔假 |
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<!--rehype:class=auto-wrap-->
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另见
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---
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- [YAML Reference Card](https://yaml.org/refcard.html) _(yaml.org)_
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- [Learn X in Y minutes](https://learnxinyminutes.com/docs/zh-cn/yaml-cn/) _(learnxinyminutes.com)_
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- [YAML lint online](http://www.yamllint.com/) _(yamllint.com)_
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- [INI 格式配置文件备忘清单](./ini.md) _(jaywcjlove.github.io)_
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- [TOML 格式配置文件备忘清单](./toml.md) _(jaywcjlove.github.io)_
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