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254 lines
3.8 KiB
Markdown
254 lines
3.8 KiB
Markdown
SSH 备忘清单
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====
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此快速参考备忘单提供了使用 SSH 的各种方法。
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入门
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----
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### 连接
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连接到服务器（默认端口 22）
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```shell
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$ ssh root@192.168.1.5
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```
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在特定端口上连接
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```shell
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$ ssh root@192.168.1.5 -p 6222
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```
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通过 pem 文件连接（0400 权限）
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```shell
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$ ssh -i /path/file.pem root@192.168.1.5
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```
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请参阅：[SSH 权限](./chmod.md#ssh-权限)
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### 执行
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执行远程命令
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```shell
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$ ssh root@192.168.1.5 'ls -l'
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```
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调用本地脚本
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```shell
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$ ssh root@192.168.1.5 bash < script.sh
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```
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从服务器压缩和下载
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```shell
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$ ssh root@192.168.1.5 "tar cvzf - ~/source" > output.tgz
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```
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<!--rehype:className=wrap-text -->
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### SCP
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
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从远程复制到本地
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```shell
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$ scp user@server:/dir/file.ext dest/
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```
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两台服务器之间的副本
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```shell
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$ scp user@server:/file user@server:/dir
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```
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从本地复制到远程
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```shell
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$ scp dest/file.ext user@server:/dir
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```
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复制整个文件夹
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```shell
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$ scp -r user@server:/dir dest/
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```
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复制文件夹中的所有文件
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```shell
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$ scp user@server:/dir/* dest/
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```
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从服务器文件夹复制到当前文件夹
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```shell
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$ scp user@server:/dir/* .
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```
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### 配置位置
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文件路径 | 说明
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:-|-
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`/etc/ssh/ssh_config` | 系统范围的配置
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`~/.ssh/config` | 用户特定的配置
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`~/.ssh/id_{type}` | 私钥
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`~/.ssh/id_{type}.pub` | 公钥
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`~/.ssh/known_hosts` | 登录主机
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`~/.ssh/authorized_keys` | 授权登录密钥
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### SCP 选项
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选项 | 说明
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:-|-
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scp `-r` | 递归复制整个目录
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scp `-C` | 压缩数据
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scp `-v` | 打印详细信息
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scp `-P` 8080 | 使用特定端口
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scp `-B` | 批处理模式_（防止密码）_
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scp `-p` | 保留时间和模式
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### 配置示例
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```toml
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Host server1
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HostName 192.168.1.5
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User root
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Port 22
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IdentityFile ~/.ssh/server1.key
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```
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通过别名启动
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```shell
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$ ssh server1
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```
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请参阅：完整 [配置选项](https://linux.die.net/man/5/ssh_config)
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### ProxyJump
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```shell
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$ ssh -J proxy_host1 remote_host2
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```
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```shell
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$ ssh -J user@proxy_host1 user@remote_host2
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```
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<!--rehype:className=wrap-text -->
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多次跳跃
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```shell
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$ ssh -J user@proxy_host1:port1,user@proxy_host2:port2 user@remote_host3
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```
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<!--rehype:className=wrap-text -->
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### ssh-copy-id
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```shell
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$ ssh-copy-id user@server
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```
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复制到别名服务器
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```shell
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$ ssh-copy-id server1
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```
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复制特定密钥
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```shell
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$ ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub user@server
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```
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<!--rehype:className=wrap-text -->
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SSH keygen
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---------------
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<!--rehype:body-class=cols-5-->
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### ssh-keygen
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
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```shell
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$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "your@mail.com"
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```
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----
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| - | - | - |
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|---|------|-------------------------------|
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| | `-t` | [类型](#钥匙类型) 键 |
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| | `-b` | 密钥中的位数 |
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| | `-C` | 提供新评论 |
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生成带有电子邮件作为注释的 RSA 4096 位密钥
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### 产生
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2 row-span-2-->
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以交互方式生成密钥
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```shell
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$ ssh-keygen
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```
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指定文件名
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```shell
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$ ssh-keygen -f ~/.ssh/filename
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```
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从私钥生成公钥
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```shell
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$ ssh-keygen -y -f private.key > public.pub
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```
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更改评论
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```shell
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$ ssh-keygen -c -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa
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```
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更改私钥密码
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```shell
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$ ssh-keygen -p -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa
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```
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### 钥匙类型
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- rsa
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- ed25519
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- dsa
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- ecdsa
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### known_hosts
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
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从 known_hosts 搜索
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```shell
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$ ssh-keygen -F <ip/hostname>
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```
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从 known_hosts 中删除
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```shell
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$ ssh-keygen -R <ip/hostname>
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```
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### 密钥格式
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- PEM
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- PKCS8
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另见
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--------
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- [OpenSSH 配置文件示例](https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/create-ssh-config-file-on-linux-unix/) _(cyberciti.biz)_
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- [ssh_config](https://linux.die.net/man/5/ssh_config) _(linux.die.net)_
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