254 lines
4.4 KiB
Markdown
254 lines
4.4 KiB
Markdown
HTML Canvas 备忘清单
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===
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这份 HTML Canvas 快速参考备忘单列出了常见的 HTML5 Canvas 设计标签，以易读的格式呈现。
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入门
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---
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<!--rehype:body-class=cols-4-->
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### 基本设置
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
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```html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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<head>
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<title>Canvas 示例</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<canvas id="myCanvas" width="500" height="400"
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style="border:1px solid #000000;">
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</canvas>
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<script src="script.js"></script>
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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### 获取上下文
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
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```js
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const canvas = document.getElementById("myCanvas");
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const ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
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```
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绘制形状
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---
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### 矩形
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
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```js
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ctx.fillStyle = "red";
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ctx.fillRect(10, 10, 150, 100); // x, y, 宽度, 高度
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ctx.strokeStyle = "blue";
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ctx.lineWidth = 5;
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ctx.strokeRect(200, 10, 150, 100); // x, y, 宽度, 高度
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ctx.clearRect(15, 15, 30, 30); // x, y, 宽度, 高度
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```
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路径
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---
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### 线条
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```js
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ctx.beginPath();
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ctx.moveTo(50, 50); // 起始点
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ctx.lineTo(200, 50); // 结束点
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ctx.lineTo(200, 200); // 下一个线条结束点
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ctx.closePath(); // 将结束点连接到起始点
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ctx.stroke();
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```
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### 圆形
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```js
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ctx.beginPath();
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// x, y, 半径, 起始角度, 结束角度
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ctx.arc(150, 150, 75, 0, 2 * Math.PI);
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ctx.fillStyle = "green";
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ctx.fill();
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ctx.stroke();
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```
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### 弧
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```js
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ctx.beginPath();
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// x, y, 半径, 起始角度, 结束角度
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ctx.arc(150, 150, 75, 0, Math.PI);
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ctx.stroke();
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```
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贝塞尔曲线和二次曲线
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---
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### 二次曲线
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```js
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ctx.beginPath();
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ctx.moveTo(50, 250);
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// cpX, cpY, 终点X, 终点Y
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ctx.quadraticCurveTo(200, 100, 400, 250);
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ctx.stroke();
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```
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### 贝塞尔曲线
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```js
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ctx.beginPath();
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ctx.moveTo(50, 300);
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// cp1X, cp1Y, cp2X, cp2Y, 终点X, 终点Y
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ctx.bezierCurveTo(150, 100, 350, 500, 450, 300);
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ctx.stroke();
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```
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### 文本
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```js
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ctx.font = "30px Arial";
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ctx.fillStyle = "black";
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// 文本, x, y
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ctx.fillText("Hello Canvas", 10, 50);
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// 文本, x, y
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ctx.strokeText("Hello Canvas", 10, 100);
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```
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### 图像
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-3-->
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```js
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const img = new Image();
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img.src = "path/to/image.jpg";
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img.onload = () => {
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ctx.drawImage(img, 10, 10); // img, x, y
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ctx.drawImage(img, 50, 50, 100, 100); // img, x, y, 宽度, 高度
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ctx.drawImage(img, 100, 100, 100, 100, 150, 150, 200, 200); // img, sx, sy, sWidth, sHeight, dx, dy, dWidth, dHeight
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};
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```
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变换
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---
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### 平移
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```js
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ctx.translate(100, 100); // x, y
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ctx.fillRect(0, 0, 50, 50);
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```
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### 旋转
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```js
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// 角度（以弧度为单位）
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ctx.rotate((Math.PI / 180) * 45);
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ctx.fillRect(100, 100, 50, 50);
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```
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### 缩放
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```js
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ctx.scale(2, 2); // x, y
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ctx.fillRect(50, 50, 50, 50);
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```
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渐变
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---
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### 线性渐变
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
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```js
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const linearGradient = ctx.createLinearGradient(0, 0, 200, 0); // x0, y0, x1, y1
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linearGradient.addColorStop(0, "red");
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linearGradient.addColorStop(1, "blue");
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ctx.fillStyle = linearGradient;
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ctx.fillRect(10, 10, 200, 100);
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```
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### 径向渐变
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```js
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const radialGradient = ctx.createRadialGradient(75, 50, 5, 90, 60, 100); // x0, y0, r0, x1, y1, r1
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radialGradient.addColorStop(0, "red");
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radialGradient.addColorStop(1, "blue");
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ctx.fillStyle = radialGradient;
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ctx.fillRect(10, 10, 200, 100);
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```
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### 图案
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
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```js
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const img = new Image();
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img.src = "path/to/image.jpg";
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img.onload = () => {
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// 'repeat', 'repeat-x', 'repeat-y', 'no-repeat'
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const pattern = ctx.createPattern(img, "repeat");
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ctx.fillStyle = pattern;
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ctx.fillRect(0, 0, 300, 300);
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};
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```
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### 阴影
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```js
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ctx.shadowColor = "rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)";
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ctx.shadowBlur = 10;
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ctx.shadowOffsetX = 5;
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ctx.shadowOffsetY = 5;
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ctx.fillStyle = "red";
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ctx.fillRect(100, 100, 100, 100);
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```
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合成
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---
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### 全局透明度
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```js
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ctx.globalAlpha = 0.5;
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ctx.fillStyle = "red";
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ctx.fillRect(100, 100, 100, 100);
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ctx.fillStyle = "blue";
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ctx.fillRect(150, 150, 100, 100);
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```
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### 全局合成操作
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```js
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ctx.globalCompositeOperation = "source-over"; // 默认
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ctx.fillStyle = "red";
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ctx.fillRect(100, 100, 100, 100);
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ctx.globalCompositeOperation = "destination-over";
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ctx.fillStyle = "blue";
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ctx.fillRect(150, 150, 100, 100);
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```
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### 动画
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```js
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let x = 0;
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function draw() {
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ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
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ctx.fillStyle = "blue";
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ctx.fillRect(x, 100, 50, 50);
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x += 2;
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requestAnimationFrame(draw);
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}
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draw();
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```
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参考阅读
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---
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- [MDN 文档](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Canvas_API)
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