feat: add oracle.md cheatsheet. #63

2022-11-22 19:50:50 +08:00 · 2022-11-22 19:50:50 +08:00 · 76c84362ba
commit 76c84362ba
parent 49d650694a
3 changed files with 344 additions and 1 deletions
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@ -29,8 +29,9 @@ Quick Reference
 [Lua](./docs/lua.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(3 3 128);-->
 [NestJS](./docs/nestjs.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(237 21 67);&class=contributing-->
 [MATLAB](./docs/matlab.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(0 118 168);&class=contributing-->
-[Vue 3](./docs/vue.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(64 184 131);&class=contributing-->
+[Oracle](./docs/oracle.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(255 0 0);&class=contributing tag&data-lang=SQL-->
 [Pytorch](./docs/pytorch.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(238 76 44);&class=contributing tag&data-lang=Python&data-info=👆看看还缺点儿什么？-->
+[Vue 3](./docs/vue.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(64 184 131);&class=contributing-->
 <!--rehype:class=home-card-->

 ## 编程
@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ Quick Reference
 [Markdown](./docs/markdown.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(103 61 156);-->
 [MySQL](./docs/mysql.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(1 117 143);&class=tag&data-lang=SQL-->
 [MATLAB](./docs/matlab.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(0 118 168);&class=contributing-->
+[Oracle](./docs/oracle.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(255 0 0);-->
 [PHP](./docs/php.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(79 91 147);-->
 [Python](./docs/python.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(43 91 132);-->
 [PostgreSQL](./docs/postgres.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(43 109 163);&class=tag&data-lang=SQL-->
--- a/docs/oracle.md
+++ b/docs/oracle.md
@ -0,0 +1,338 @@
+Oracle 备忘清单
+===
+
+入门
+---
+<!--rehype:body-class=cols-2-->
+
+### SELECT 语句
+
+```sql
+SELECT * FROM beverages WHERE field1 = 'Kona' AND field2 = 'coffee' AND field3 = 122;
+```
+<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
+
+### SELECT INTO 语句
+
+```sql
+SELECT name,address,phone_number INTO v_employee_name,v_employee_address,v_employee_phone_number FROM employee WHERE employee_id = 6;
+```
+<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
+
+### INSERT 语句
+<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
+
+使用 VALUES 关键字插入
+
+```sql
+INSERT INTO table_name VALUES ('Value1', 'Value2', ... );
+INSERT INTO table_name(Column1, Column2, ... ) VALUES ( 'Value1', 'Value2', ... );
+```
+<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
+
+使用 SELECT 语句插入
+
+```sql
+INSERT INTO table_name(SELECT Value1, Value2, ... from table_name );
+INSERT INTO table_name(Column1, Column2, ... ) ( SELECT Value1, Value2, ... from table_name );
+```
+<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
+
+### DELETE 语句
+
+```sql
+DELETE FROM table_name WHERE some_column=some_value
+DELETE FROM customer WHERE sold = 0;
+```
+
+### UPDATE 语句
+
+```sql
+-- 更新该表的整个列，设置 `state` 列所有值为 `CA`
+UPDATE customer SET state='CA';
+-- 更新表的具体记录eg：
+UPDATE customer SET name='Joe' WHERE customer_id=10;
+-- 当 `paid` 列大于零时，将列 `invoice` 更新为 `paid`
+UPDATE movies SET invoice='paid' WHERE paid > 0;
+```
+
+SEQUENCES
+---
+
+### CREATE SEQUENCE
+
+序列的语法是
+
+```sql
+CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_name
+    MINVALUE value
+    MAXVALUE value
+    START WITH value
+    INCREMENT BY value
+    CACHE value;
+```
+
+例如
+
+```sql
+CREATE SEQUENCE supplier_seq
+    MINVALUE 1
+    MAXVALUE 999999999999999999999999999
+    START WITH 1
+    INCREMENT BY 1
+    CACHE 20;
+```
+
+### ALTER SEQUENCE
+<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
+
+将序列增加一定数量
+
+```sql
+ALTER SEQUENCE <sequence_name> INCREMENT BY <integer>;
+ALTER SEQUENCE seq_inc_by_ten  INCREMENT BY 10;
+```
+
+改变序列的最大值
+
+```sql
+ALTER SEQUENCE <sequence_name> MAXVALUE <integer>;
+ALTER SEQUENCE seq_maxval  MAXVALUE  10;
+```
+
+设置序列循环或不循环
+
+```sql
+ALTER SEQUENCE <sequence_name> <CYCLE | NOCYCLE>;
+ALTER SEQUENCE seq_cycle NOCYCLE;
+```
+
+配置序列以缓存值
+
+```sql
+ALTER SEQUENCE <sequence_name> CACHE <integer> | NOCACHE;
+ALTER SEQUENCE seq_cache NOCACHE;
+```
+
+设置是否按顺序返回值
+
+```sql
+ALTER SEQUENCE <sequence_name> <ORDER | NOORDER>;
+ALTER SEQUENCE seq_order NOORDER;
+ALTER SEQUENCE seq_order;
+```
+
+### 从字符串生成查询
+<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
+
+有时需要从字符串创建查询
+
+```sql
+PROCEDURE oracle_runtime_query_pcd IS
+    TYPE ref_cursor IS REF CURSOR;
+    l_cursor        ref_cursor;
+
+    v_query         varchar2(5000);
+    v_name          varchar2(64);
+BEGIN
+    v_query := 'SELECT name FROM employee WHERE employee_id=5';
+    OPEN l_cursor FOR v_query;
+    LOOP
+      FETCH l_cursor INTO v_name;
+      EXIT WHEN l_cursor%NOTFOUND;
+    END LOOP;
+    CLOSE l_cursor;
+END;
+```
+<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
+
+这是一个如何完成动态查询的非常简单的示例
+
+### 字符串操作
+
+```sql
+length( string1 );
+```
+
+---
+
+```sql
+SELECT length('hello world') FROM dual;
+```
+
+这将返回 11，因为参数由 11 个字符组成，包括空格
+
+```sql
+SELECT lengthb('hello world') FROM dual;
+SELECT lengthc('hello world') FROM dual;
+SELECT length2('hello world') FROM dual;
+SELECT length4('hello world') FROM dual;
+```
+
+这些也返回 `11`，因为调用的函数是等价的
+
+### Instr
+<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
+
+`Instr`（在字符串中）返回一个整数，该整数指定字符串中子字符串的位置。程序员可以指定他们想要检测的字符串的外观以及起始位置。不成功的搜索返回 `0`
+
+```sql
+instr( string1, string2, [ start_position ], [ nth_appearance ] )
+```
+<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
+
+---
+
+```sql
+instr( 'oracle pl/sql cheatsheet', '/');
+```
+
+这将返回 `10`，因为第一次出现的 `/` 是第十个字符
+
+```sql
+instr( 'oracle pl/sql cheatsheet', 'e', 1, 2);
+```
+<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
+
+这将返回 `17`，因为第二次出现的 `e` 是第 `17` 个字符
+
+```sql
+instr( 'oracle pl/sql cheatsheet', '/', 12, 1);
+```
+<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
+
+这将返回 `0`，因为第一次出现的 `/` 在起点之前，即第 `12` 个字符
+
+### Replace
+
+```sql
+replace(string1, string_to_replace, [ replacement_string ] );
+
+replace('i am here','am','am not');
+```
+<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
+
+这返回 `i am not here`
+
+### Substr
+
+```sql
+SELECT substr( 'oracle pl/sql cheatsheet', 8, 6) FROM dual;
+```
+<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
+
+返回 `pl/sql`，因为 `pl/sql` 中的 `p` 在字符串中的第 `8` 个位置（从 `oracle` 中的 `o` 处的 `1` 开始计算）
+
+```sql
+SELECT substr( 'oracle pl/sql cheatsheet', 15) FROM dual;
+```
+<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
+
+返回 `cheatsheet`，因为 `c` 在字符串中的第 `15` 个位置，`t`是字符串中的最后一个字符。
+
+```sql
+SELECT substr('oracle pl/sql cheatsheet', -10, 5) FROM dual;
+```
+<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
+
+返回 `cheat`，因为 `c` 是字符串中的第 `10` 个字符，从字符串末尾以 `t` 作为位置 `1` 开始计算。
+
+### Trim
+
+这些函数可用于从字符串中过滤不需要的字符。默认情况下，它们会删除空格，但也可以指定要删除的字符集
+
+```sql
+trim ( [ leading | trailing | both ] [ trim-char ] from string-to-be-trimmed );
+trim ('   删除两侧的空格     ');
+```
+<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
+
+这将返回“`删除两侧的空格`”
+
+```sql
+ltrim ( string-to-be-trimmed [, trimming-char-set ] );
+ltrim ('   删除左侧的空格     ');
+```
+<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
+
+这将返回“`删除左侧的空格`&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;”
+
+```sql
+rtrim ( string-to-be-trimmed [, trimming-char-set ] );
+rtrim ('   删除右侧的空格     ');
+```
+<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
+
+这将返回“&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;`删除右侧的空格`”
+
+DDL SQL
+---
+
+### 创建表
+
+创建表的语法
+
+```sql
+CREATE TABLE [table name]
+      ( [column name] [datatype], ... );
+```
+
+示例：
+
+```sql
+ CREATE TABLE employee
+       (id int, name varchar(20));
+```
+
+### 添加列
+
+添加列的语法
+
+```sql
+ALTER TABLE [table name]
+    ADD ( [column name] [datatype], ... );
+```
+
+示例：
+
+```sql
+ALTER TABLE employee
+    ADD (id int)
+```
+
+### 修改列
+
+修改列的语法
+
+```sql
+ALTER TABLE [table name]
+    MODIFY ( [column name] [new datatype]);
+```
+
+`ALTER` 表语法和示例：
+
+```sql
+ALTER TABLE employee
+    MODIFY( sickHours s float );
+```
+
+### 删除列
+
+删除列的语法
+
+```sql
+ALTER TABLE [table name]
+    DROP COLUMN [column name];
+```
+
+示例：
+
+```sql
+ALTER TABLE employee
+    DROP COLUMN vacationPay;
+```
+
+另见
+---
+
+- [Oracle Database/SQL Cheatsheet](https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Oracle_Database/SQL_Cheatsheet) _(wikibooks.org)_
--- a/scripts/assets/oracle.svg
+++ b/scripts/assets/oracle.svg
@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" height="1em" width="1em">
+  <path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.957 18.912A6.953 6.953 0 0 1 1 11.962 6.963 6.963 0 0 1 7.957 5h8.087A6.961 6.961 0 0 1 23 11.962a6.952 6.952 0 0 1-6.956 6.95H7.957Zm7.907-2.453a4.497 4.497 0 0 0 4.503-4.497 4.507 4.507 0 0 0-4.503-4.508H8.136a4.507 4.507 0 0 0-4.503 4.508 4.498 4.498 0 0 0 4.503 4.497h7.728Z"/>
+</svg>