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docs/rust.md
157
docs/rust.md
@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ fn main() {
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```shell
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$ rustc Hello_World.rs
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$ ./Hello_World
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Hello, World!
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```
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@ -396,48 +397,8 @@ println!("{:?}", str4);
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Rust 动态数组
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-----------
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### 创建动态数组
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```rust
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let v: Vec<i32> = Vec::new();
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// 使用宏
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let v1 = vec![1, 2, 3];
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```
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### 读取元素
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```rust
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let v = vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
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let element = &v[100];
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// panic,越界
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let element2 = v.get(100);
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println!("{:?}", element2);
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//None
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```
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### 遍历数组
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1. 只读取数组中的元素
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```rust
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let v = vec![1, 2, 3];
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for i in &v {
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println!("{}", i);
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}
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```
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2. 遍历的同时修改数组中的元素
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```rust
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let mut v = vec![1, 2, 3];
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for i in &mut v {
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*i += 10
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}
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```
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### 常用方法
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-3-->
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2 row-span-2-->
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-|:-
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-|:-
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@ -454,6 +415,45 @@ println!("{:?}", element2);
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`drain(range)` | 删除 `vec` 中指定范围的元素,同时返回一个迭代该范围所有元素的迭代器
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`split_off(index)` | 切分 `vec`,索引左边的元素保留在原 `vec` 中(含索引),索引右边的元素(不含索引)在返回的 `vec` 中
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### 创建动态数组
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```rust
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let v: Vec<i32> = Vec::new();
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// 使用宏
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let v1 = vec![1, 2, 3];
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```
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### 遍历数组
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只读取数组中的元素
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```rust
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let v = vec![1, 2, 3];
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for i in &v {
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println!("{}", i);
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}
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```
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遍历的同时修改数组中的元素
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```rust
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let mut v = vec![1, 2, 3];
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for i in &mut v {
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*i += 10
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}
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```
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### 读取元素
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```rust
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let v = vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
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let element = &v[100];
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// panic,越界
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let element2 = v.get(100);
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println!("{:?}", element2);
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//None
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```
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Rust 运算符
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-----------
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@ -527,8 +527,8 @@ let left_shift = h << 4; // => 32
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示例 | 意义
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:- | :-
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`c && d` | 两者都是真的_(AND)_
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`c || d` | 要么是真的_(OR)_
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`c && d` | 两者都是真的 _(AND)_
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`c \|\| d` | 要么是真的 _(OR)_
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`!c` | `c` 为假 _(NOT)_
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----
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@ -754,15 +754,15 @@ fn main(){
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```rust
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struct Point {
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x: i32,
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y: i32,
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z: i32,
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x: i32,
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y: i32,
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z: i32,
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}
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let origin = Point { x: 0, y: 0, z: 0 };
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match origin {
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Point { x, .. } => println!("x is {}", x),
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Point { x, .. } => println!("x is {}", x),
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}
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```
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@ -772,9 +772,9 @@ match origin {
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let hello = ('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o');
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match hello {
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(h, _, _, l, o) => {
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println!("char: {}, {}, {}", h, l, o)
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},
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(h, _, _, l, o) => {
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println!("char: {}, {}, {}", h, l, o)
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},
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}
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```
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@ -785,9 +785,9 @@ match hello {
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```rust
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let x = Some(10);
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match x {
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Some(1) => println!("x = 1"),
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Some(y) => println!("y = {:?}", y),
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_ => println!("None"),
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Some(1) => println!("x = 1"),
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Some(y) => println!("y = {:?}", y),
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_ => println!("None"),
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}// y = 10
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```
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@ -799,25 +799,27 @@ match x {
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```rust
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let grade = 'A';
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match grade {
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good @ 'A'..='C' => println!("your grade is {}", good),
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_ => println!("Come on"),
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good @ 'A'..='C' => println!("your grade is {}", good),
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_ => println!("Come on"),
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}
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```
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<!--rehype:className=wrap-text -->
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----
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```rust
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#[derive(Debug)]
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struct Point {
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x: i32,
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y: i32,
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x: i32,
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y: i32,
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}
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fn main(){
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let p @ Point {x: px, y: py } = Point {x: 10, y: 23};
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println!("x: {}, y: {}", px, py);
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println!("{:?}", p);
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let p @ Point {x: px, y: py } = Point {x: 10, y: 23};
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println!("x: {}, y: {}", px, py);
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println!("{:?}", p);
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}
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```
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<!--rehype:className=wrap-text -->
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----
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@ -825,10 +827,10 @@ fn main(){
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```rust
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match 1 {
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num @ (1 | 2) => {
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println!("{}", num);
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}
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_ => {}
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num @ (1 | 2) => {
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println!("{}", num);
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}
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_ => {}
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}
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```
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@ -837,11 +839,12 @@ match 1 {
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```rust
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let x = Some(2);
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match x {
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Some(1) => println!("x = 1"),
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Some(y) if y == 2 => println!("y = {:?}", y),
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_ => println!("No match"),
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Some(1) => println!("x = 1"),
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Some(y) if y == 2 => println!("y = {:?}", y),
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_ => println!("No match"),
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}// y = 2
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```
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<!--rehype:className=wrap-text -->
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Rust 函数
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--------
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@ -857,21 +860,23 @@ fn print_message(){
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```
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### 参数值
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
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rust 需要为函数的参数标明确定的类型
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```rust
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fn another_fn(a:u8, b: &str){
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println!("我是 u8:{}", a);
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println!("我是 &str:{}", b);
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println!("我是 u8:{}", a);
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println!("我是 &str:{}", b);
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}
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fn main(){
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another_fn(10, "hello")
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another_fn(10, "hello")
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}
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```
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### 返回值
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
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如果不指定返回值,rust 默认返回 `()` 类型
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@ -880,16 +885,14 @@ fn main(){
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fn main(){}
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```
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----
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使用 `->` 指定返回值,如果**表达式**在最后一行,无需使用 return
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使用 `->` 指定返回值,如果**表达式**在最后一行,无需使用 `return`
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```rust
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fn add(a:i32, b:i32) -> i32 {
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if a + b < 100 {
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return a - b;
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}
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a + b
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if a + b < 100 {
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return a - b;
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}
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a + b
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}
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```
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