feat: add graphql.md.

README.md

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ Quick Reference
 [Dockerfile](./docs/dockerfile.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(0 72 153/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));&class=tag&data-lang=Docker-->
 [Django](./docs/djiango.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(12 75 51/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));&class=contributing tag&data-lang=Python-->
 [Golang](./docs/golang.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(39 160 193/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
+[GraphQL](./docs/graphql.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(214 66 146/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
 [INI](./docs/ini.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(57 59 60/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
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 [Java](./docs/java.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(211 55 49/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));&class=contributing&data-info=👆看看还缺点儿什么？-->

docs/graphql.md

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+GraphQL 备忘清单
+===
+
+这份快速参考备忘单提供了 [GraphQL](https://graphql.org/) 的简要概述
+
+入门
+---
+
+### 概述
+
+- RESTful API 的另一种方法
+- GraphQL 是一种 API 查询语言
+- 使用清晰的共享术语轻松描述 GraphQL API 的形状。
+- 客户端发出查询/突变以读取和更新数据
+- GraphQL 语法可以表达复杂的实体关系
+- 用 [不同语言](https://graphql.org/code/) 实现 GraphQL 的库
+
+[GraphQL](https://graphql.org/)
+
+### Schema
+
+:-|-
+:-|-
+`schema`       | GraphQL 架构定义
+`query`        | 读取和遍历数据
+`mutation`     | 修改数据或触发动作
+`subscription` | 发生事件时运行查询
+
+### 内置标量类型
+
+:-|-
+:-|-
+`Int`     | 有符号 32 位整数
+`Float`   | 有符号双精度浮点值
+`String`  | UTF-8 字符序列
+`Boolean` | 对或错布尔值类型
+`ID`      | 唯一标识符
+
+### 类型定义
+
+:-|-
+:-|-
+`scalar`    | 标量类型
+`type`      | 对象类型
+`interface` | 接口类型
+`union`     | 联合类型
+`enum`      | 枚举类型
+`input`     | 输入对象类型
+
+### 类型修饰符
+
+:-|-
+:-|-
+`String`     | 可空字符串
+`String!`    | 非空字符串
+`[String]`   | 可空字符串列表
+`[String]!`  | 可空字符串的非空列表
+`[String!]!` | 非空字符串的非空列表
+
+### 输入参数
+<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
+
+#### 基本输入
+
+```graphql
+type Query {
+  users(limit: Int): [User]
+}
+```
+
+#### 输入默认值
+
+```graphql
+type Query {
+  users(limit: Int = 10): [User]
+}
+```
+
+#### 具有多个参数的输入
+
+```graphql
+type Query {
+  users(limit: Int, sort: String): [User]
+}
+```
+
+#### 具有多个参数和默认值的输入
+
+```graphql
+type Query {
+  users(limit: Int = 10, sort: String): [User]
+}
+type Query {
+  users(limit: Int, sort: String = "asc"): [User]
+}
+type Query {
+  users(limit: Int = 10, sort: String = "asc"): [User]
+}
+```
+<!--rehype:className=wrap-text -->
+
+### 输入类型
+
+```graphql
+input ListUsersInput {
+  limit: Int
+  since_id: ID
+}
+```
+
+```graphql
+type Mutation {
+  users(params: ListUsersInput): [User]!
+}
+```
+
+### 自定义标量
+
+```graphql
+scalar Url
+type User {
+  name: String
+  homepage: Url
+}
+```
+
+### 接口
+
+```graphql
+interface Foo {
+  is_foo: Boolean
+}
+interface Goo {
+  is_goo: Boolean
+}
+type Bar implements Foo {
+  is_foo: Boolean
+  is_bar: Boolean
+}
+type Baz implements Foo, Goo {
+  is_foo: Boolean
+  is_goo: Boolean
+  is_baz: Boolean
+}
+```
+
+实现一个或多个接口的对象
+
+### 联合
+
+```graphql
+type Foo {
+  name: String
+}
+type Bar {
+  is_bar: String
+}
+union SingleUnion = Foo
+union MultipleUnion = Foo | Bar
+type Root {
+  single: SingleUnion
+  multiple: MultipleUnion
+}
+```
+
+一个或多个对象的联合
+
+### 枚举
+
+```graphql
+enum USER_STATE {
+  NOT_FOUND
+  ACTIVE
+  INACTIVE
+  SUSPENDED
+}
+type Root {
+  stateForUser(userID: ID!): USER_STATE!
+  users(state: USER_STATE, limit: Int = 10): [User]
+}
+```
+<!--rehype:className=wrap-text -->
+
+查询和变更(Mutations)
+---
+
+### 字段
+
+```graphql
+{
+  hero {
+    name
+  }
+}
+```
+
+结果:
+
+```json
+{
+  "data": {
+    "hero": {
+      "name": "R2-D2"
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### 查询可以有注释
+
+```graphql
+{
+  hero {
+    name
+    # 查询可以有注释！
+    friends {
+      name
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+结果:
+
+```json
+{
+  "data": {
+    "hero": {
+      "name": "R2-D2",
+      "friends": [
+        { "name": "Luke Skywalker" },
+        { "name": "Han Solo" }
+      ]
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### 参数 Arguments
+
+```graphql
+{
+  human(id: "1000") {
+    name
+    height
+  }
+}
+```
+
+结果:
+
+```json
+{
+  "data": {
+    "human": {
+      "name": "Luke Skywalker",
+      "height": 1.72
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### 不同类型的参数
+
+```graphql
+{
+  human(id: "1000") {
+    name
+    height(unit: FOOT)
+  }
+}
+```
+
+结果:
+
+```json
+{
+  "data": {
+    "human": {
+      "name": "Luke Skywalker",
+      "height": 5.6430448
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### 别名(Aliases)
+
+```graphql
+{
+  empireHero: hero(episode: EMPIRE) {
+    name
+  }
+  jediHero: hero(episode: JEDI) {
+    name
+  }
+}
+```
+
+结果:
+
+```json
+{
+  "data": {
+    "empireHero": {
+      "name": "Luke Skywalker"
+    },
+    "jediHero": {
+      "name": "R2-D2"
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### 片段(Fragments)
+<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
+
+```graphql
+{
+  leftComparison: hero(episode: EMPIRE) {
+    ...comparisonFields
+  }
+  rightComparison: hero(episode: JEDI) {
+    ...comparisonFields
+  }
+}
+​
+fragment comparisonFields on Character {
+  name
+  appearsIn
+  friends {
+    name
+  }
+}
+```
+
+结果:
+
+```json
+{
+  "data": {
+    "leftComparison": {
+      "name": "Luke Skywalker",
+      "appearsIn": [
+        "NEWHOPE",
+        "EMPIRE",
+        "JEDI"
+      ],
+      "friends": [
+        { "name": "Han Solo" },
+        { "name": "Leia Organa" },
+        { "name": "C-3PO" },
+        { "name": "R2-D2" }
+      ]
+    },
+    "rightComparison": {
+      "name": "R2-D2",
+      "appearsIn": [
+        "NEWHOPE",
+        "EMPIRE",
+        "JEDI"
+      ],
+      "friends": [
+        { "name": "Luke Skywalker" },
+        { "name": "Han Solo" },
+        { "name": "Leia Organa" }
+      ]
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### 在片段内使用变量
+<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-3-->
+
+```graphql
+query HeroComparison($first: Int = 3) {
+  leftComparison: hero(episode: EMPIRE) {
+    ...comparisonFields
+  }
+  rightComparison: hero(episode: JEDI) {
+    ...comparisonFields
+  }
+}
+​
+fragment comparisonFields on Character {
+  name
+  friendsConnection(first: $first) {
+    totalCount
+    edges {
+      node {
+        name
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+结果:
+
+```json
+{
+  "data": {
+    "leftComparison": {
+      "name": "Luke Skywalker",
+      "friendsConnection": {
+        "totalCount": 4,
+        "edges": [
+          {
+            "node": {
+              "name": "Han Solo"
+            }
+          },
+          {
+            "node": {
+              "name": "Leia Organa"
+            }
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    "rightComparison": {
+      "name": "R2-D2",
+      "friendsConnection": {
+        "totalCount": 3,
+        "edges": [
+          {
+            "node": {
+              "name": "Luke Skywalker"
+            }
+          },
+          {
+            "node": {
+              "name": "Han Solo"
+            }
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### 操作名称(Operation name)
+
+```graphql
+query HeroNameAndFriends {
+  hero {
+    name
+    friends {
+      name
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+结果:
+
+```json
+{
+  "data": {
+    "hero": {
+      "name": "R2-D2",
+      "friends": [
+        { "name": "Luke Skywalker" },
+        { "name": "Han Solo" },
+        { "name": "Leia Organa" }
+      ]
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### 变量(Variables)
+
+```graphql
+# { "graphiql": true, "variables": { "episode": JEDI } }
+query HeroNameAndFriends($episode: Episode) {
+  hero(episode: $episode) {
+    name
+    friends {
+      name
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+<!--rehype:className=wrap-text -->
+
+变量前缀必须为 `$`，后跟其类型
+
+### 默认变量(Default variables)
+
+```graphql
+query HeroNameAndFriends($episode: Episode = "JEDI") {
+  hero(episode: $episode) {
+    name
+    friends {
+      name
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+<!--rehype:className=wrap-text -->
+
+### 指令(Directives)
+
+```graphql
+query Hero($episode: Episode, $withFriends: Boolean!) {
+  hero(episode: $episode) {
+    name
+    friends @include(if: $withFriends) {
+      name
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+<!--rehype:className=wrap-text -->
+
+----
+
+```graphql
+{ "episode": "JEDI", "withFriends": false }
+```
+
+结果:
+
+```json
+{
+  "data": { "hero": { "name": "R2-D2" } }
+}
+```
+
+- `@include(if: Boolean)` 仅在参数为 `true` 时，包含此字段
+- `@skip(if: Boolean)` 如果参数为 `true`，跳过此字段
+
+### 变更(Mutations)
+
+```graphql
+mutation CreateReviewForEpisode($ep: Episode!, $review: ReviewInput!) {
+  createReview(episode: $ep, review: $review) {
+    stars
+    commentary
+  }
+}
+```
+<!--rehype:className=wrap-text -->
+
+----
+
+```
+{
+  "ep": "JEDI",
+  "review": {
+    "stars": 5,
+    "commentary": "This is a great movie!"
+  }
+}
+```
+
+结果:
+
+```json
+{
+  "data": {
+    "createReview": {
+      "stars": 5,
+      "commentary": "This is a great movie!"
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### 内联片段(Inline Fragments)
+
+```graphql
+query HeroForEpisode($ep: Episode!) {
+  hero(episode: $ep) {
+    name
+    ... on Droid {
+      primaryFunction
+    }
+    ... on Human {
+      height
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+----
+
+```graphql
+{ "ep": "JEDI" }
+```
+
+结果:
+
+```json
+{
+  "data": {
+    "hero": {
+      "name": "R2-D2",
+      "primaryFunction": "Astromech"
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### 元字段(Meta fields)
+
+```graphql
+{
+  search(text: "an") {
+    __typename
+    ... on Human {
+      name
+    }
+    ... on Droid {
+      name
+    }
+    ... on Starship {
+      name
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+结果:
+
+```json
+{
+  "data": {
+    "search": [
+      {
+        "__typename": "Human",
+        "name": "Han Solo"
+      },
+      {
+        "__typename": "Human",
+        "name": "Leia Organa"
+      },
+      {
+        "__typename": "Starship",
+        "name": "TIE Advanced x1"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
+```
+
+另见
+-------
+
+- [GraphQL Schema Language Cheat Sheet](https://github.com/sogko/graphql-schema-language-cheat-sheet) _(github.com)_

scripts/assets/graphql.svg

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