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doc: update docs/fastapi.md

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jaywcjlove 2024-04-08 02:27:58 +08:00
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@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ FastAPI 是一个用于构建 API 的现代、快速（高性能）的 web 框
入门 入门
--- ---
<!--rehype:body-class=cols-1--> <!--rehype:body-class=cols-2-->
### 最小程序 ### 最小程序
@ -16,7 +16,11 @@ from fastapi import FastAPI
import uvicorn import uvicorn
app = FastAPI() app = FastAPI()
```
添加一个 API 的示例
```python
# http://127.0.0.1:8000/ # http://127.0.0.1:8000/
@app.get("/") @app.get("/")
async def root(): async def root():
@ -65,12 +69,14 @@ async def read_item(file_path):
``` ```
### 查询参数 ### 查询参数
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
#### 带默认值的查询参数 #### 带默认值的查询参数
```python ```python
# http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?skip=0&limit=2 # http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?skip=0&limit=2
fake_items_db = [{"item_name": "Foo"}, {"item_name": "Bar"}, {"item_name": "Baz"}] fake_items_db = [{"item_name": "Foo"}, {"item_name": "Bar"}]
@app.get("/items/") @app.get("/items/")
async def read_item(skip: int = 0, limit: int = 10): async def read_item(skip: int = 0, limit: int = 10):
return fake_items_db[skip: skip + limit] return fake_items_db[skip: skip + limit]
@ -81,6 +87,7 @@ async def read_item(skip: int = 0, limit: int = 10):
```python ```python
# http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/1?q=admin # http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/1?q=admin
from typing import Union from typing import Union
@app.get("/items/{item_id}") @app.get("/items/{item_id}")
async def read_item(item_id: str, q: Union[str, None] = None): async def read_item(item_id: str, q: Union[str, None] = None):
if q: if q:
@ -96,14 +103,17 @@ async def read_item(item_id: str, q: Union[str, None] = None):
# http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/1/items/2?q=query&short=true # http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/1/items/2?q=query&short=true
@app.get("/users/{user_id}/items/{item_id}") @app.get("/users/{user_id}/items/{item_id}")
async def read_user_item( async def read_user_item(
user_id: int, item_id: str, q: Union[str, None] = None, short: bool = False user_id: int,
item_id: str,
q: Union[str, None] = None,
short: bool = False
): ):
item = {"item_id": item_id, "owner_id": user_id} item = {"item_id": item_id, "owner_id": user_id}
if q: if q:
item.update({"q": q}) item.update({"q": q})
if not short: if not short:
item.update( item.update(
{"description": "This is an amazing item that has a long description"} {"description": "这是一个令人惊叹的项目，有很长的描述"}
) )
return item return item
``` ```
@ -154,7 +164,9 @@ curl -X 'POST' \
```python ```python
from fastapi import Query from fastapi import Query
@app.get("/items/") @app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(q: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None, max_length=50)): async def read_items(
q: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None, max_length=50)
):
results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]}
if q: if q:
results.update({"q": q}) results.update({"q": q})
@ -177,14 +189,16 @@ async def read_items(q: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None, max_length=50)):
```python ```python
# http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?q=foo&q=bar # http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?q=foo&q=bar
@app.get("/items/") @app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(q: Union[List[str], None] = Query(default=None)): async def read_items(
q: Union[List[str], None] = Query(default=None)
):
query_items = {"q": q} query_items = {"q": q}
return query_items return query_items
``` ```
### 路径参数和数值校验 ### 路径参数和数值校验
Path用法基本和Query相同，参考：[FastAPI官方文档](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/zh/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations/) Path 用法基本和 Query 相同，参考：[FastAPI官方文档](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/zh/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations/)
#### 导入 Path #### 导入 Path
@ -198,8 +212,8 @@ from typing_extensions import Annotated
```python ```python
@app.get("/items/{item_id}") @app.get("/items/{item_id}")
async def read_items( async def read_items(
item_id: Annotated[int, Path(title="The ID of the item to get")], item_id: Annotated[int, Path(title="要获取的项目的 ID")],
q: Annotated[Union[str, None], Query(alias="item-query")] = None, q: Annotated[str | None, Query(alias="item-query")] = None,
): ):
results = {"item_id": item_id} results = {"item_id": item_id}
if q: if q:
@ -220,14 +234,16 @@ async def read_items(
### 其他参数 ### 其他参数
都具有Query的参数，max_length、min_length等 都具有 Query 的参数，max_length、min_length等
#### Cookie参数 #### Cookie参数
```python ```python
from fastapi import Cookie from fastapi import Cookie
@app.get("/items/") @app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(ads_id: Annotated[Union[str, None], Cookie()] = None): async def read_items(
ads_id: Annotated[Union[str, None], Cookie()] = None
):
return {"ads_id": ads_id} return {"ads_id": ads_id}
``` ```
@ -236,7 +252,10 @@ async def read_items(ads_id: Annotated[Union[str, None], Cookie()] = None):
```python ```python
from fastapi import Header from fastapi import Header
@app.get("/items/") @app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(user_agent: Annotated[Union[str, None], Header()] = None,items_id: Annotated[Union[int, None], Header(ge=1)] = None): async def read_items(
user_agent: Annotated[Union[str, None], Header()] = None,
items_id: Annotated[Union[int, None], Header(ge=1)] = None
):
return {"User-Agent": user_agent, "items_id": items_id} return {"User-Agent": user_agent, "items_id": items_id}
``` ```
@ -320,8 +339,7 @@ async def main():
依赖项 依赖项
--- ---
<!--rehype:body-class=cols-2-->
<!--rehype:body-class=cols-1-->
### 依赖项使用场景 ### 依赖项使用场景
@ -331,6 +349,7 @@ async def main():
- 等…… - 等……
### 创建依赖项 ### 创建依赖项
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
```python ```python
from typing import Union from typing import Union
@ -338,22 +357,31 @@ from typing import Union
from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
app = FastAPI() app = FastAPI()
```
# read_items和read_users方法依赖common_parameters `read_items` 和 `read_users` 方法依赖 `common_parameters`
# 白话就是read_items和read_users都需要q，skip，limit查询参数 白话就是 `read_items` 和 `read_users` 都需要 `q`，`skip`，`limit` 查询参数
```python
async def common_parameters( async def common_parameters(
q: Union[str, None] = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100 q: Union[str, None] = None,
skip: int = 0,
limit: int = 100
): ):
return {"q": q, "skip": skip, "limit": limit} return {"q": q, "skip": skip, "limit": limit}
@app.get("/items/") @app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(commons: dict = Depends(common_parameters)): async def read_items(
commons: dict = Depends(common_parameters)
):
return commons return commons
@app.get("/users/") @app.get("/users/")
async def read_users(commons: dict = Depends(common_parameters)): async def read_users(
commons: dict = Depends(common_parameters)
):
return commons return commons
``` ```
@ -361,25 +389,31 @@ async def read_users(commons: dict = Depends(common_parameters)):
```python ```python
from typing import Union from typing import Union
from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
app = FastAPI() app = FastAPI()
fake_items_db = [{"item_name": "Foo"}, {"item_name": "Bar"}]
fake_items_db = [{"item_name": "Foo"}, {"item_name": "Bar"}, {"item_name": "Baz"}]
class CommonQueryParams: class CommonQueryParams:
def __init__(self, q: Union[str, None] = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100): def __init__(
self,
q: Union[str, None] = None,
skip: int = 0,
limit: int = 100
):
self.q = q self.q = q
self.skip = skip self.skip = skip
self.limit = limit self.limit = limit
```
# read_itemsx接收一个commons参数，类型是CommonQueryParams `read_itemsx` 接收一个 `commons` 参数，类型是 `CommonQueryParams`
# CommonQueryParams接收三个参数，这三个参数是调用api的时候传 `CommonQueryParams` 接收三个参数，这三个参数是调用 api 的时候传
```python
@app.get("/items/") @app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(commons: CommonQueryParams = Depends(CommonQueryParams)): async def read_items(
commons: CommonQueryParams = Depends(CommonQueryParams)
):
response = {} response = {}
if commons.q: if commons.q:
response.update({"q": commons.q}) response.update({"q": commons.q})
@ -392,7 +426,10 @@ async def read_items(commons: CommonQueryParams = Depends(CommonQueryParams)):
```python ```python
@app.get("/items/") @app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(commons: CommonQueryParams = Depends()): # 这里的Depends没有传参，FastAPI会自动使用CommonQueryParams async def read_items(
# 这里的 Depends 没有传参，FastAPI 会自动使用 CommonQueryParams
commons: CommonQueryParams = Depends()
):
response = {} response = {}
if commons.q: if commons.q:
response.update({"q": commons.q}) response.update({"q": commons.q})
@ -405,16 +442,13 @@ async def read_items(commons: CommonQueryParams = Depends()): # 这里的Depends
```python ```python
from typing import Union from typing import Union
from fastapi import Cookie, Depends, FastAPI from fastapi import Cookie, Depends, FastAPI
app = FastAPI() app = FastAPI()
def query_extractor(q: Union[str, None] = None): def query_extractor(q: Union[str, None] = None):
return q return q
def query_or_cookie_extractor( def query_or_cookie_extractor(
q: str = Depends(query_extractor), q: str = Depends(query_extractor),
last_query: Union[str, None] = Cookie(default=None), last_query: Union[str, None] = Cookie(default=None),
@ -427,20 +461,25 @@ def query_or_cookie_extractor(
# query_or_cookie_extractor函数又依赖query_extractor函数 # query_or_cookie_extractor函数又依赖query_extractor函数
# 就是说依赖项可以依赖其他依赖项，只要你不晕，可以无数次套娃 # 就是说依赖项可以依赖其他依赖项，只要你不晕，可以无数次套娃
@app.get("/items/") @app.get("/items/")
async def read_query(query_or_default: str = Depends(query_or_cookie_extractor)): async def read_query(
query_or_default: str = Depends(query_or_cookie_extractor)
):
return {"q_or_cookie": query_or_default} return {"q_or_cookie": query_or_default}
``` ```
#### 不使用缓存 #### 不使用缓存
使用 `use_cache = False` 参数不使用缓存数据，不使用 `use_cache = False`，`value` 和 `value1` 是一样的
```python ```python
# 使用use_cache = False参数不使用缓存数据
# 不使用use_cache = False,value和value1是一样的
def result_value(): def result_value():
value = randint(1, 99) value = randint(1, 99)
return value return value
def get_value(value: int = Depends(result_value, use_cache=False), value1: int = Depends(result_value, use_cache=False)): def get_value(
value: int = Depends(result_value, use_cache=False),
value1: int = Depends(result_value, use_cache=False)
):
return value, value1 return value, value1
@app.get('/value/') @app.get('/value/')
@ -453,26 +492,27 @@ async def needy_dependency(value: tuple = Depends(get_value)):
```python ```python
from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, Header, HTTPException from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, Header, HTTPException
async def verify_token(x_token: str = Header()): async def verify_token(x_token: str = Header()):
if x_token != "fake-super-secret-token": if x_token != "fake-super-secret-token":
raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="X-Token header invalid") raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="X-Token 标头无效")
async def verify_key(x_key: str = Header()): async def verify_key(x_key: str = Header()):
if x_key != "fake-super-secret-key": if x_key != "fake-super-secret-key":
raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="X-Key header invalid") raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="X-Key 标头无效")
return x_key return x_key
```
# 全局依赖项很有用，后面的安全性就可以使用全局依赖项 全局依赖项很有用，后面的安全性就可以使用全局依赖项
app = FastAPI(dependencies=[Depends(verify_token), Depends(verify_key)])
```python
app = FastAPI(
dependencies=[Depends(verify_token), Depends(verify_key)]
)
@app.get("/items/") @app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(): async def read_items():
return [{"item": "Portal Gun"}, {"item": "Plumbus"}] return [{"item": "Portal Gun"}, {"item": "Plumbus"}]
@app.get("/users/") @app.get("/users/")
async def read_users(): async def read_users():
return [{"username": "Rick"}, {"username": "Morty"}] return [{"username": "Rick"}, {"username": "Morty"}]