doc: update flask.md #223
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docs/flask.md
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docs/flask.md
@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ Flask 备忘清单
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- [Python 备忘清单](./python.md) _(kjchmc.cn)_
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### Hello World
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
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#### hello.py
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@ -28,15 +29,16 @@ app = Flask(__name__) # 'Flask' 参数是 应用程序模块 或 包 的名
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# 路由 (装饰器)
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@app.route('/') # route()装饰器告诉 Flask 什么路径触发下面的功能
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def hello():
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return 'Hello World!' # 该函数返回我们想要在浏览器中显示的消息内容
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# 该函数返回我们想要在浏览器中显示的消息内容
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return 'Hello World!'
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# 默认类型 HTML, 因此字符串中的 HTML 将被浏览器渲染
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# 启动服务
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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app.run()
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```
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### 运行 `hello.py` 程序
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
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```shell
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$ python hello.py
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@ -52,4 +54,130 @@ $ flask --app hello run
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* Serving Flask app 'hello'
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* Running on http://127.0.0.1:5000
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* Press CTRL+C to quit
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$ flask run --host=0.0.0.0
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```
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启用调试模式,使用 `--debug` 选项
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```bash
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$ flask --app hello --debug run
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```
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### HTML 转义
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```py
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from markupsafe import escape
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@app.route("/<name>")
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def hello(name):
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return f"Hello, {escape(name)}!"
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```
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### 路由
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```py
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@app.route('/')
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def index():
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return 'Index Page'
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@app.route('/hello')
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def hello():
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return 'Hello, World'
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```
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### 变量规则
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
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```py
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from markupsafe import escape
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@app.route('/user/<username>')
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def show_user_profile(username):
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# 显示该用户的用户个人资料
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return f'User {escape(username)}'
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@app.route('/post/<int:post_id>')
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def show_post(post_id):
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# 显示给定id的帖子,id是一个整数
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return f'Post {post_id}'
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@app.route('/path/<path:subpath>')
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def show_subpath(subpath):
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# 在 /path/ 之后显示子路径
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return f'Subpath {escape(subpath)}'
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```
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转换器类型:
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:-- | --
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:-- | --
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`string` | (默认)接受任何没有斜杠的文本
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`int` | 接受正整数
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`float` | 接受正浮点值
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`path` | 像字符串但也接受斜线
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`uuid` | 接受 UUID 字符串
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### 唯一 URL / 重定向行为
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```py
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@app.route('/projects/')
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def projects():
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return 'The project page'
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@app.route('/about')
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def about():
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return 'The about page'
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```
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项目端点的规范 `URL` 有一个尾部斜杠。它类似于文件系统中的文件夹。如果您访问没有尾部斜杠 (`/projects`) 的 `URL`,`Flask` 会将您重定向到带有尾部斜杠 (`/projects/`) 的规范 `URL`
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### URL 建设
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```py
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from flask import url_for
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@app.route('/')
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def index():
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return 'index'
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@app.route('/login')
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def login():
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return 'login'
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@app.route('/user/<username>')
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def profile(username):
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return f'{username}\'s profile'
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with app.test_request_context():
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print(url_for('index'))
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print(url_for('login'))
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print(url_for('login', next='/'))
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print(url_for('profile', username='John Doe'))
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```
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### HTTP 方法
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默认情况下,路由仅响应 `GET` 请求。您可以使用 `route()` 装饰器的方法参数来处理不同的 `HTTP` 方法
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```py
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from flask import request
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@app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
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def login():
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if request.method == 'POST':
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return do_the_login()
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else:
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return show_the_login_form()
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```
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您还可以将不同方法的视图分成不同的函数。 `Flask` 为每个常见的 `HTTP` 方法提供了一种快捷方式,用于使用 `get()`、`post()` 等来装饰此类路由
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```py
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@app.get('/login')
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def login_get():
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return show_the_login_form()
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@app.post('/login')
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def login_post():
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return do_the_login()
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```
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@ -442,6 +442,7 @@ True
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```
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### 转义符号
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| 转义符号 | 对应的操作 |
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| `\\` | 输出反斜杠 |
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