feat: add mongodb.md cheatsheet. #236
This commit is contained in:
jaywcjlove
@@ -161,6 +161,7 @@ Quick Reference
|
||||
## 数据库
|
||||
|
||||
[MySQL](./docs/mysql.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(1 117 143);&class=tag&data-lang=SQL-->
|
||||
[MongoDB](./docs/mongodb.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(0 237 100);-->
|
||||
[Oracle](./docs/oracle.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(255 0 0);&class=tag&data-lang=SQL-->
|
||||
[PostgreSQL](./docs/postgres.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(43 109 163);&class=tag&data-lang=SQL-->
|
||||
[Redis](./docs/redis.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(198 47 44);-->
|
||||
|
||||
3
assets/mongodb.svg
Normal file
3
assets/mongodb.svg
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
|
||||
<svg viewBox="0 0 120 257" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="1em" width="1em">
|
||||
<path d="M82.323 28.644C71.537 15.847 62.249 2.85 60.35.15c-.2-.2-.5-.2-.7 0-1.897 2.7-11.185 15.697-21.971 28.494C-54.902 146.721 52.26 226.406 52.26 226.406l.9.6C53.958 239.303 55.955 257 55.955 257h7.99s1.998-17.597 2.797-29.994l.899-.7c.1.1 107.263-79.585 14.68-197.662ZM59.95 224.606s-4.793-4.099-6.092-6.198v-.201l5.793-128.574c0-.4.6-.4.6 0l5.792 128.574v.201c-1.299 2.099-6.093 6.198-6.093 6.198Z" fill="currentColor"/>
|
||||
</svg>
|
||||
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 537 B |
434
docs/mongodb.md
Normal file
434
docs/mongodb.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,434 @@
|
||||
MongoDB 备忘清单
|
||||
===
|
||||
|
||||
[MongoDB](https://www.mongodb.com/developer/products/mongodb/cheat-sheet/#connect-mongodb-shell) 此备忘单包含一些方便的提示、命令和快速参考，可让您立即连接并进行 CRUD
|
||||
|
||||
入门
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
### 连接 MongoDB Shell
|
||||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
mongo # 默认连接到 mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017
|
||||
mongo --host <host> --port <port> -u <user> -p <pwd> # 如果需要提示，请省略密码
|
||||
mongo "mongodb://192.168.1.1:27017"
|
||||
# MongoDB 地图集
|
||||
mongo "mongodb+srv://cluster-name.abcde.mongodb.net/<dbname>" --username <username>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 显示数据库
|
||||
|
||||
```mongodb
|
||||
show dbs
|
||||
db // 打印当前数据库
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 切换数据库
|
||||
|
||||
```mongodb
|
||||
use <database_name>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 显示收藏
|
||||
|
||||
```mongodb
|
||||
show collections
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 运行 JavaScript 文件
|
||||
|
||||
```mongodb
|
||||
load("myScript.js")
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
CRUD
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
### 创建
|
||||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-3-->
|
||||
|
||||
```mongodb
|
||||
db.coll.insertOne({ name: "Max" })
|
||||
db.coll.insert([{ name: "Max"}, {name:"Alex"}]) // 订购批量插入
|
||||
db.coll.insert([{ name: "Max"}, {name:"Alex"}], {ordered: false}) // 无序批量插入
|
||||
db.coll.insert({ date: ISODate()})
|
||||
db.coll.insert({ name: "Max"}, {"writeConcern": {"w": "majority", "wtimeout": 5000}})
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 寻找文件
|
||||
|
||||
Commands | Description
|
||||
:-- | ---
|
||||
`db.docx.findOne()` | 查找一个随机文档
|
||||
`db.docx.find().prettyPrint()` | 查找所有文档
|
||||
`db.docx.find({}, {name:true, _id:false})` | 仅显示文档 Docx 的名称
|
||||
`db.docx.find({}, {name:true, _id:false})` | 可以在多个文件中按属性查找一个文件
|
||||
|
||||
### 使用运算符查找文档
|
||||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
|
||||
|
||||
Operator | Description | Commands
|
||||
:-- | --- | ---
|
||||
`$gt` | 比...更棒 | `db.docx.find({class:{$gt:'T'}`
|
||||
`$gte` | 大于等于 | `db.docx.find({class:{$gt:'T'}`
|
||||
`$lt` | 小于 | `db.docx.find({class:{$lt:'T'}`
|
||||
`$lte` | 小于等于 | `db.docx.find({class:{$lte:'T'}`
|
||||
`$exists` | 属性是否存在 | `db.docx.find({class:{$gt:'T'}`
|
||||
`$regex` | 正则表达式匹配 | `db.docx.find({name:{$regex:'^USS\\sE'}})`
|
||||
`$type` | 按元素类型搜索 | `db.docx.find({name : {$type:4}})`
|
||||
|
||||
### 读取
|
||||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-3-->
|
||||
|
||||
```mongodb
|
||||
db.coll.findOne() // 返回单个文档
|
||||
db.coll.find() // 返回一个游标 - 显示 20 个结果 - "it" 显示更多
|
||||
db.coll.find().pretty()
|
||||
db.coll.find({name: "Max", age: 32}) // 隐式逻辑“与”。
|
||||
db.coll.find({date: ISODate("2020-09-25T13:57:17.180Z")})
|
||||
|
||||
// 或“queryPlanner”或“allPlansExecution”
|
||||
db.coll.find({name: "Max", age: 32}).explain("executionStats")
|
||||
db.coll.distinct("name")
|
||||
|
||||
// 数数
|
||||
db.coll.count({age: 32}) // 基于馆藏元数据的估计
|
||||
db.coll.estimatedDocumentCount() // 基于馆藏元数据的估计
|
||||
db.coll.countDocuments({age: 32}) // 聚合管道的别名 - 准确计数
|
||||
|
||||
// Comparison 比较
|
||||
db.coll.find({"year": {$gt: 1970}})
|
||||
db.coll.find({"year": {$gte: 1970}})
|
||||
db.coll.find({"year": {$lt: 1970}})
|
||||
db.coll.find({"year": {$lte: 1970}})
|
||||
db.coll.find({"year": {$ne: 1970}})
|
||||
db.coll.find({"year": {$in: [1958, 1959]}})
|
||||
db.coll.find({"year": {$nin: [1958, 1959]}})
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
// Logical 逻辑
|
||||
db.coll.find({name:{$not: {$eq: "Max"}}})
|
||||
db.coll.find({$or: [{"year" : 1958}, {"year" : 1959}]})
|
||||
db.coll.find({$nor: [{price: 1.99}, {sale: true}]})
|
||||
db.coll.find({
|
||||
$and: [
|
||||
{$or: [{qty: {$lt :10}}, {qty :{$gt: 50}}]},
|
||||
{$or: [{sale: true}, {price: {$lt: 5 }}]}
|
||||
]
|
||||
})
|
||||
|
||||
// Element 元素
|
||||
db.coll.find({name: {$exists: true}})
|
||||
db.coll.find({"zipCode": {$type: 2 }})
|
||||
db.coll.find({"zipCode": {$type: "string"}})
|
||||
|
||||
// Aggregation Pipeline 聚合管道
|
||||
db.coll.aggregate([
|
||||
{$match: {status: "A"}},
|
||||
{$group: {_id: "$cust_id", total: {$sum: "$amount"}}},
|
||||
{$sort: {total: -1}}
|
||||
])
|
||||
|
||||
// 使用“文本”索引进行文本搜索
|
||||
db.coll.find({$text: {$search: "cake"}}, {score: {$meta: "textScore"}})
|
||||
.sort({score: {$meta: "textScore"}})
|
||||
|
||||
// Regex 正则表达式
|
||||
db.coll.find({name: /^Max/}) // 正则表达式：以字母“M”开头
|
||||
db.coll.find({name: /^Max$/i}) // 正则表达式不区分大小写
|
||||
|
||||
// Array
|
||||
db.coll.find({tags: {$all: ["Realm", "Charts"]}})
|
||||
db.coll.find({field: {$size: 2}}) // 无法索引 - 更喜欢存储数组的大小并更新它
|
||||
db.coll.find({results: {$elemMatch: {product: "xyz", score: {$gte: 8}}}})
|
||||
|
||||
// Projections 预测
|
||||
db.coll.find({"x": 1}, {"actors": 1}) // actors + _id
|
||||
db.coll.find({"x": 1}, {"actors": 1, "_id": 0}) // actors
|
||||
db.coll.find({"x": 1}, {"actors": 0, "summary": 0}) // 除了“actors”和“summary”之外的所有内容
|
||||
|
||||
// Sort 排序, skip 跳过, limit 限制
|
||||
db.coll.find({}).sort({"year": 1, "rating": -1}).skip(10).limit(3)
|
||||
|
||||
// Read Concern 阅读关注
|
||||
db.coll.find().readConcern("majority")
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 更新
|
||||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-3-->
|
||||
|
||||
```mongodb
|
||||
db.coll.update({"_id": 1}, {"year": 2016}) // 警告！ 替换整个文档
|
||||
db.coll.update({"_id": 1}, {$set: {"year": 2016, name: "Max"}})
|
||||
db.coll.update({"_id": 1}, {$unset: {"year": 1}})
|
||||
db.coll.update({"_id": 1}, {$rename: {"year": "date"} })
|
||||
db.coll.update({"_id": 1}, {$inc: {"year": 5}})
|
||||
db.coll.update({"_id": 1}, {$mul: {price: NumberDecimal("1.25"), qty: 2}})
|
||||
db.coll.update({"_id": 1}, {$min: {"imdb": 5}})
|
||||
db.coll.update({"_id": 1}, {$max: {"imdb": 8}})
|
||||
db.coll.update({"_id": 1}, {$currentDate: {"lastModified": true}})
|
||||
db.coll.update({"_id": 1}, {$currentDate: {"lastModified": {$type: "timestamp"}}})
|
||||
|
||||
// Array
|
||||
db.coll.update({"_id": 1}, {$push :{"array": 1}})
|
||||
db.coll.update({"_id": 1}, {$pull :{"array": 1}})
|
||||
db.coll.update({"_id": 1}, {$addToSet :{"array": 2}})
|
||||
db.coll.update({"_id": 1}, {$pop: {"array": 1}}) // 最后一个元素
|
||||
db.coll.update({"_id": 1}, {$pop: {"array": -1}}) // 第一个元素
|
||||
db.coll.update({"_id": 1}, {$pullAll: {"array" :[3, 4, 5]}})
|
||||
db.coll.update({"_id": 1}, {$push: {scores: {$each: [90, 92, 85]}}})
|
||||
db.coll.updateOne({"_id": 1, "grades": 80}, {$set: {"grades.$": 82}})
|
||||
db.coll.updateMany({}, {$inc: {"grades.$[]": 10}})
|
||||
db.coll.update({}, {$set: {"grades.$[element]": 100}}, {multi: true, arrayFilters: [{"element": {$gte: 100}}]})
|
||||
|
||||
// 更新很多
|
||||
db.coll.update({"year": 1999}, {$set: {"decade": "90's"}}, {"multi":true})
|
||||
db.coll.updateMany({"year": 1999}, {$set: {"decade": "90's"}})
|
||||
|
||||
// FindOneAndUpdate 查找并更新
|
||||
db.coll.findOneAndUpdate({"name": "Max"}, {$inc: {"points": 5}}, {returnNewDocument: true})
|
||||
|
||||
// Upsert 更新插入
|
||||
db.coll.update({"_id": 1}, {$set: {item: "apple"}, $setOnInsert: {defaultQty: 100}}, {upsert: true})
|
||||
|
||||
// Replace 代替
|
||||
db.coll.replaceOne({"name": "Max"}, {"firstname": "Maxime", "surname": "Beugnet"})
|
||||
|
||||
// Save 保存
|
||||
db.coll.save({"item": "book", "qty": 40})
|
||||
|
||||
// Write concern 写关注
|
||||
db.coll.update({}, {$set: {"x": 1}}, {"writeConcern": {"w": "majority", "wtimeout": 5000}})
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 删除
|
||||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-3-->
|
||||
|
||||
```mongodb
|
||||
db.coll.remove({name: "Max"})
|
||||
db.coll.remove({name: "Max"}, {justOne: true})
|
||||
db.coll.remove({}) // 警告！删除所有文档但不删除集合本身及其索引定义
|
||||
db.coll.remove({name: "Max"}, {"writeConcern": {"w": "majority", "wtimeout": 5000}})
|
||||
db.coll.findOneAndDelete({"name": "Max"})
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
数据库和集合
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
### Drop
|
||||
|
||||
```mongodb
|
||||
// 删除集合及其索引定义
|
||||
db.coll.drop()
|
||||
// 仔细检查你*不*在 PROD 集群上......:-)
|
||||
db.dropDatabase()
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 创建集合
|
||||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2 row-span-2-->
|
||||
|
||||
```mongodb
|
||||
// 使用 $jsonschema 创建集合
|
||||
db.createCollection("contacts", {
|
||||
validator: {$jsonSchema: {
|
||||
bsonType: "object",
|
||||
required: ["phone"],
|
||||
properties: {
|
||||
phone: {
|
||||
bsonType: "string",
|
||||
description: "必须是一个字符串并且是必需的"
|
||||
},
|
||||
email: {
|
||||
bsonType: "string",
|
||||
pattern: "@mongodb\.com$",
|
||||
description: "必须是字符串并匹配正则表达式模式"
|
||||
},
|
||||
status: {
|
||||
enum: [ "Unknown", "Incomplete" ],
|
||||
description: "只能是枚举值之一"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}}
|
||||
})
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 其他采集功能
|
||||
|
||||
```mongodb
|
||||
db.coll.stats()
|
||||
db.coll.storageSize()
|
||||
db.coll.totalIndexSize()
|
||||
db.coll.totalSize()
|
||||
db.coll.validate({full: true})
|
||||
// 第二个参数用于删除目标集合（如果存在）
|
||||
db.coll.renameCollection("new_coll", true)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
索引
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
### 列表索引
|
||||
|
||||
```mongodb
|
||||
db.coll.getIndexes()
|
||||
db.coll.getIndexKeys()
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 创建索引
|
||||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2 row-span-3-->
|
||||
|
||||
```mongodb
|
||||
// 索引类型
|
||||
db.coll.createIndex({"name": 1}) // 单字段索引
|
||||
db.coll.createIndex({"name": 1, "date": 1}) // 复合索引
|
||||
db.coll.createIndex({foo: "text", bar: "text"}) // 文本索引
|
||||
db.coll.createIndex({"$**": "text"}) // 通配符文本索引
|
||||
db.coll.createIndex({"userMetadata.$**": 1}) // 通配符索引
|
||||
db.coll.createIndex({"loc": "2d"}) // 二维索引
|
||||
db.coll.createIndex({"loc": "2dsphere"}) // 2dsphere 索引
|
||||
db.coll.createIndex({"_id": "hashed"}) // 哈希索引
|
||||
|
||||
// Index Options
|
||||
db.coll.createIndex({"lastModifiedDate": 1}, {expireAfterSeconds: 3600}) // TTL指数
|
||||
db.coll.createIndex({"name": 1}, {unique: true})
|
||||
db.coll.createIndex({"name": 1}, {partialFilterExpression: {age: {$gt: 18}}}) // 部分索引
|
||||
// 强度为 1 或 2 的不区分大小写的索引
|
||||
db.coll.createIndex({"name": 1}, {collation: {locale: 'en', strength: 1}})
|
||||
db.coll.createIndex({"name": 1 }, {sparse: true})
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 删除索引
|
||||
|
||||
```mongodb
|
||||
db.coll.dropIndex("name_1")
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 隐藏/取消隐藏索引
|
||||
|
||||
```mongodb
|
||||
db.coll.hideIndex("name_1")
|
||||
db.coll.unhideIndex("name_1")
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
方便的命令
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
###
|
||||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-3&style=display:none;&wrap-style=padding-top: 0;-->
|
||||
|
||||
```mongodb
|
||||
use admin
|
||||
db.createUser({"user": "root", "pwd": passwordPrompt(), "roles": ["root"]})
|
||||
db.dropUser("root")
|
||||
db.auth( "user", passwordPrompt() )
|
||||
|
||||
use test
|
||||
db.getSiblingDB("dbname")
|
||||
db.currentOp()
|
||||
db.killOp(123) // opid
|
||||
|
||||
db.fsyncLock()
|
||||
db.fsyncUnlock()
|
||||
|
||||
db.getCollectionNames()
|
||||
db.getCollectionInfos()
|
||||
db.printCollectionStats()
|
||||
db.stats()
|
||||
|
||||
db.getReplicationInfo()
|
||||
db.printReplicationInfo()
|
||||
db.isMaster()
|
||||
db.hostInfo()
|
||||
db.printShardingStatus()
|
||||
db.shutdownServer()
|
||||
db.serverStatus()
|
||||
|
||||
db.setSlaveOk()
|
||||
db.getSlaveOk()
|
||||
|
||||
db.getProfilingLevel()
|
||||
db.getProfilingStatus()
|
||||
db.setProfilingLevel(1, 200) // 0 == OFF, 1 == ON with slowms, 2 == ON
|
||||
|
||||
db.enableFreeMonitoring()
|
||||
db.disableFreeMonitoring()
|
||||
db.getFreeMonitoringStatus()
|
||||
|
||||
db.createView("viewName", "sourceColl", [{$project:{department: 1}}])
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
各种各样的
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
### 改变流
|
||||
|
||||
```mongodb
|
||||
watchCursor = db.coll.watch([
|
||||
{
|
||||
$match : {"operationType": "insert" }
|
||||
}
|
||||
])
|
||||
|
||||
while (!watchCursor.isExhausted()){
|
||||
if (watchCursor.hasNext()){
|
||||
print(tojson(watchCursor.next()));
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 分片集群
|
||||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2 row-span-3-->
|
||||
|
||||
```mongodb
|
||||
sh.status()
|
||||
sh.addShard("rs1/mongodbd1.example.net:27017")
|
||||
sh.shardCollection("mydb.coll", {zipcode: 1})
|
||||
|
||||
sh.moveChunk("mydb.coll", { zipcode: "53187" }, "shard0019")
|
||||
sh.splitAt("mydb.coll", {x: 70})
|
||||
sh.splitFind("mydb.coll", {x: 70})
|
||||
sh.disableAutoSplit()
|
||||
sh.enableAutoSplit()
|
||||
|
||||
sh.startBalancer()
|
||||
sh.stopBalancer()
|
||||
sh.disableBalancing("mydb.coll")
|
||||
sh.enableBalancing("mydb.coll")
|
||||
sh.getBalancerState()
|
||||
sh.setBalancerState(true/false)
|
||||
sh.isBalancerRunning()
|
||||
|
||||
sh.addTagRange("mydb.coll", {state: "NY",zip: MinKey}, {state: "NY",zip: MaxKey}, "NY")
|
||||
sh.removeTagRange("mydb.coll", {state: "NY",zip: MinKey}, {state: "NY",zip: MaxKey}, "NY")
|
||||
sh.addShardTag("shard0000", "NYC")
|
||||
sh.removeShardTag("shard0000", "NYC")
|
||||
|
||||
sh.addShardToZone("shard0000", "JFK")
|
||||
sh.removeShardFromZone("shard0000", "NYC")
|
||||
sh.removeRangeFromZone("mydb.coll", {a: 1, b: 1}, {a: 10, b: 10})
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 副本集
|
||||
|
||||
```mongodb
|
||||
rs.status()
|
||||
rs.initiate({"_id": "replicaTest",
|
||||
members: [
|
||||
{ _id: 0, host: "127.0.0.1:27017" },
|
||||
{ _id: 1, host: "127.0.0.1:27018" },
|
||||
{ _id: 2, host: "127.0.0.1:27019",
|
||||
arbiterOnly:true }]
|
||||
})
|
||||
rs.add("mongodbd1.example.net:27017")
|
||||
rs.addArb("mongodbd2.example.net:27017")
|
||||
rs.remove("mongodbd1.example.net:27017")
|
||||
rs.conf()
|
||||
rs.isMaster()
|
||||
rs.printReplicationInfo()
|
||||
rs.printSlaveReplicationInfo()
|
||||
rs.reconfig(<valid_conf>)
|
||||
rs.slaveOk()
|
||||
rs.stepDown(20, 5)
|
||||
// (stepDownSecs, secondaryCatchUpPeriodSecs)
|
||||
```
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user