diff --git a/docs/oracle.md b/docs/oracle.md index 0ee735a..bb24080 100644 --- a/docs/oracle.md +++ b/docs/oracle.md @@ -8,14 +8,21 @@ Oracle 备忘清单 ### SELECT 语句 ```sql -SELECT * FROM beverages WHERE field1 = 'Kona' AND field2 = 'coffee' AND field3 = 122; +SELECT * +FROM beverages +WHERE field1 = 'Kona' + AND field2 = 'coffee' + AND field3 = 122; ``` ### SELECT INTO 语句 ```sql -SELECT name,address,phone_number INTO v_employee_name,v_employee_address,v_employee_phone_number FROM employee WHERE employee_id = 6; +SELECT name, address, phone_number +INTO v_employee_name, v_employee_address, v_employee_phone_number +FROM employee +WHERE employee_id = 6; ``` @@ -25,24 +32,35 @@ SELECT name,address,phone_number INTO v_employee_name,v_employee_address,v_emplo 使用 VALUES 关键字插入 ```sql -INSERT INTO table_name VALUES ('Value1', 'Value2', ... ); -INSERT INTO table_name(Column1, Column2, ... ) VALUES ( 'Value1', 'Value2', ... ); +INSERT INTO table_name +VALUES ('Value1', 'Value2', ... ); + +INSERT INTO table_name (Column1, Column2, ... ) +VALUES ( 'Value1', 'Value2', ... ); ``` 使用 SELECT 语句插入 ```sql -INSERT INTO table_name(SELECT Value1, Value2, ... from table_name ); -INSERT INTO table_name(Column1, Column2, ... ) ( SELECT Value1, Value2, ... from table_name ); +INSERT INTO table_name +SELECT Value1, Value2, ... +FROM table_name; + +INSERT INTO table_name (Column1, Column2, ...) +SELECT Value1, Value2, ... +FROM table_name; ``` ### DELETE 语句 ```sql -DELETE FROM table_name WHERE some_column=some_value -DELETE FROM customer WHERE sold = 0; +DELETE FROM table_name +WHERE some_column = some_value; + +DELETE FROM customer +WHERE sold = 0; ``` ### UPDATE 语句 @@ -384,7 +402,8 @@ CREATE TABLE table_name column1 datatype null/not null, column2 datatype null/not null, ... - CONSTRAINT constraint_name CHECK (column_name condition) [DISABLE] + CONSTRAINT constraint_name + CHECK (column_name condition) [DISABLE] ); ``` @@ -410,7 +429,8 @@ CREATE TABLE table_name column1 datatype null/not null, column2 datatype null/not null, ... - CONSTRAINT constraint_name UNIQUE (column1, column2, column_n) + CONSTRAINT constraint_name + UNIQUE (column1, column2, column_n) ); ``` @@ -421,7 +441,8 @@ CREATE TABLE customer ( id integer not null, name varchar2(20), - CONSTRAINT customer_id_constraint UNIQUE (id) + CONSTRAINT customer_id_constraint + UNIQUE (id) ); ``` @@ -431,14 +452,18 @@ CREATE TABLE customer ```sql ALTER TABLE [table name] - ADD CONSTRAINT [constraint name] UNIQUE( [column name] ) USING INDEX [index name]; + ADD CONSTRAINT [constraint name] + UNIQUE([column name]) + USING INDEX [index name]; ``` 例如： ```sql ALTER TABLE employee - ADD CONSTRAINT uniqueEmployeeId UNIQUE(employeeId) USING INDEX ourcompanyIndx_tbs; + ADD CONSTRAINT uniqueEmployeeId + UNIQUE(employeeId) + USING INDEX ourcompanyIndx_tbs; ``` ### 添加外部约束 @@ -447,14 +472,19 @@ foregin 约束的语法是： ```sql ALTER TABLE [table name] - ADD CONSTRAINT [constraint name] FOREIGN KEY (column,...) REFERENCES table [(column,...)] [ON DELETE {CASCADE | SET NULL}] + ADD CONSTRAINT [constraint name] + FOREIGN KEY (column,...) + REFERENCES table [(column,...)] + [ON DELETE {CASCADE | SET NULL}]; ``` 例如： ```sql ALTER TABLE employee - ADD CONSTRAINT fk_departament FOREIGN KEY (departmentId) REFERENCES departments(Id); + ADD CONSTRAINT fk_departament + FOREIGN KEY (departmentId) + REFERENCES departments(Id); ``` ### 删除约束 @@ -482,13 +512,17 @@ INDEXES ```sql CREATE [UNIQUE] INDEX index_name - ON table_name (column1, column2, . column_n) + ON table_name ( + column1, + column2, + . + column_n + ) [ COMPUTE STATISTICS ]; ``` -`UNIQUE` 表示索引列中值的组合必须是唯一的 - -`COMPUTE STATISTICS` 告诉 Oracle 在创建索引期间收集统计信息。 然后优化器使用这些统计信息来选择执行语句时的最佳执行计划。例如： +- `UNIQUE` 表示索引列中值的组合必须是唯一的 +- `COMPUTE STATISTICS` 告诉 Oracle 在创建索引期间收集统计信息。然后优化器使用这些统计信息来选择执行语句时的最佳执行计划。例如： ```sql CREATE INDEX customer_idx @@ -604,7 +638,8 @@ DBA 相关 创建用户的语法是： ```sql -CREATE USER username IDENTIFIED BY password; +CREATE USER username + IDENTIFIED BY password; ``` 例如： @@ -642,53 +677,87 @@ ALTER USER brian IDENTIFIED BY brianpassword; ``` ### 查看表空间的名称以及大小 + + ```sql -select t.tablespace_name, round(sum(bytes/(1024*1024)),0) ts_size from dba_tablespaces t, dba_data_files d where t.tablespace_name = d.tablespace_name group by t.tablespace_name; +SELECT t.table_name, + ROUND(SUM(bytes / (1024 * 1024)), 0) AS ts_size +FROM dba_tablespaces t, + dba_data_files d +WHERE t.table_name = d.table_name +GROUP BY t.table_name; ``` ### 查看还没提交的事务 + ```sql select * from v$locked_object; select * from v$transaction; ``` ### 查看数据库库对象 + + ```sql -select owner, object_type, status, count(*) count# from all_objects group by owner, object_type, OJIB status; +SELECT owner, object_type, status, COUNT(*) AS count# +FROM all_objects +GROUP BY owner, object_type, status; ``` ### 查看数据库的版本 + ```sql -Select version FROM Product_component_version where SUBSTR(PRODUCT,1,6) = 'Oracle'; +SELECT version +FROM Product_component_version +WHERE SUBSTR(PRODUCT, 1, 6) = 'Oracle'; ``` ### 查看数据库的创建日期和归档方式 + ```sql -select created, Log_Mode, Log_Mode From v$Database; +SELECT created, Log_Mode, Log_Mode +FROM v$Database; ``` ### 查看控制文件 + ```sql select name from v$controlfile; ``` ### 查看日志文件 + ```sql select member from v$logfile; ``` ### 查看表空间的使用情況 + + ```sql -select sum (bytes)/(1024*1024) as free_space, tablespace_name from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name; +SELECT SUM(bytes)/(1024*1024) AS free_space, + tablespace_name +FROM dba_free_space +GROUP BY tablespace_name; ``` ### 捕捉运行很久的SOL -```sql -column username format a12 -column opname format a16 -column progress format a8 -select username,sid,opname,round(sofar* 100 / totalwork,0) || '%' as progress,time_remaining,sqL_text from v$session_longops,v$sql where time_remaining <> 0 and sql_address = address and sql_hash_value = hash_value +```sql +COLUMN username FORMAT A12 +COLUMN opname FORMAT A16 +COLUMN progress FORMAT A8 + +SELECT username, + sid, + opname, + ROUND(sofar * 100 / totalwork, 0) || '%' AS progress, + time_remaining, + sql_text +FROM v$session_longops, v$sql +WHERE time_remaining <> 0 + AND sql_address = address + AND sql_hash_value = hash_value; ``` 另见