doc: update docs/powershell.md #845
This commit is contained in:
		@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
 | 
			
		||||
## 基本命令
 | 
			
		||||
PowerShell 备忘清单
 | 
			
		||||
===
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
一种强大的命令行界面和脚本语言,主要用于自动化任务和配置管理,特别适合系统管理员和 IT 专业人士。以下是 PowerShell 常用命令的备忘清单,可帮助快速参考常用操作。
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
常用操作
 | 
			
		||||
---
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
### 辅助命令
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
**_Powershell 的命令遵循动词-名词格式_**
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
一些常见的动词:
 | 
			
		||||
**_PowerShell 的命令遵循动词-名词格式_** 一些常见的动词:
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
| 动词    | 描述                     |
 | 
			
		||||
| ------- | ------------------------ |
 | 
			
		||||
@@ -22,34 +26,33 @@
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
列出可用模块
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
```powershell
 | 
			
		||||
```PowerShell
 | 
			
		||||
Get-Module --ListAvailable
 | 
			
		||||
```
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
列出可用的 cmdlet 和函数
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
```powershell
 | 
			
		||||
```PowerShell
 | 
			
		||||
Get-Command -Module ActiveDirectory
 | 
			
		||||
```
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
列出别名及其对应的 cmdlet 名称
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
```PowerShell
 | 
			
		||||
Get-Alias | Select-Object Name, Definition
 | 
			
		||||
```
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
获取帮助
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
```powershell
 | 
			
		||||
```PowerShell
 | 
			
		||||
Get-Help <cmd>
 | 
			
		||||
Get-Help <cmd> -Examples
 | 
			
		||||
Get-Help -Name Get-Process -Parameter Id
 | 
			
		||||
```
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
列出别名及其对应的 cmdlet 名称
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
```powershell
 | 
			
		||||
Get-Alias | Select-Object Name, Definition
 | 
			
		||||
```
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
**Get-Member:** 显示对象的属性和方法
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
```powershell
 | 
			
		||||
```PowerShell
 | 
			
		||||
Get-Process | Get-Member
 | 
			
		||||
```
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
@@ -57,13 +60,13 @@ Get-Process | Get-Member
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
**Select-Object:** 选择对象的特定属性或自定义其显示
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
```powershell
 | 
			
		||||
```PowerShell
 | 
			
		||||
Get-Process | Select-Object Name, CPU
 | 
			
		||||
```
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
**Where-Object:** 根据指定条件过滤对象
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
```powershell
 | 
			
		||||
```PowerShell
 | 
			
		||||
Get-Service | Where-Object { $PSItem.Status -eq 'Running' }
 | 
			
		||||
#OR
 | 
			
		||||
Get-Service | ? { $_.Status -eq 'Running' }
 | 
			
		||||
@@ -71,37 +74,37 @@ Get-Service | ? { $_.Status -eq 'Running' }
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
**Measure-Object:** 计算对象属性的统计信息,如总和、平均值和计数
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
```powershell
 | 
			
		||||
```PowerShell
 | 
			
		||||
Get-Process | Measure-Object -Property WorkingSet -Sum
 | 
			
		||||
```
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
**ForEach-Object:** 对集合中的每个对象执行操作(注意:以下命令将为当前目录中的文件/文件夹添加前缀)
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
```powershell
 | 
			
		||||
```PowerShell
 | 
			
		||||
Get-ChildItem | ForEach-Object { Rename-Item $_ -NewName "Prefix_$_" }
 | 
			
		||||
```
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
**Sort-Object:** 按指定属性对对象进行排序
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
```powershell
 | 
			
		||||
```PowerShell
 | 
			
		||||
Get-ChildItem | Sort-Object Length -Descending
 | 
			
		||||
```
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
**Format-Table:** 将输出格式化为带有指定列的表格
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
```powershell
 | 
			
		||||
```PowerShell
 | 
			
		||||
Get-Service | Format-Table -AutoSize  # ft alias
 | 
			
		||||
```
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
**Format-List:** 将输出格式化为属性和值的列表
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
```powershell
 | 
			
		||||
```PowerShell
 | 
			
		||||
Get-Process | Format-List -Property Name, CPU  # fl alias
 | 
			
		||||
```
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
### 文件系统 
 | 
			
		||||
### 文件系统
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
```powershell
 | 
			
		||||
```PowerShell
 | 
			
		||||
New-Item -path file.txt -type 'file' -value 'contents'
 | 
			
		||||
New-Item -path file.txt -type 'dir'
 | 
			
		||||
Copy-Item <src> -destination <dest>
 | 
			
		||||
@@ -120,9 +123,12 @@ Get-Process | Export-Csv -Path "processes.csv"  # 输出到 CSV
 | 
			
		||||
$data = Import-Csv -Path "data.csv"             # 从 CSV 导入
 | 
			
		||||
```
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
## 系统管理
 | 
			
		||||
系统管理
 | 
			
		||||
---
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
```powershell
 | 
			
		||||
### 获取信息
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
```PowerShell
 | 
			
		||||
# 获取 BIOS 信息
 | 
			
		||||
Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_BIOS
 | 
			
		||||
# 获取本地连接的物理磁盘设备信息
 | 
			
		||||
@@ -133,7 +139,11 @@ Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_PhysicalMemory
 | 
			
		||||
Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_NetworkAdapter
 | 
			
		||||
# 获取安装的图形/显卡(GPU)信息
 | 
			
		||||
Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_VideoController
 | 
			
		||||
```
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
### 命名空间 & 类
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
```PowerShell
 | 
			
		||||
# 列出所有类名
 | 
			
		||||
Get-CimClass | Select-Object -ExpandProperty CimClassName
 | 
			
		||||
# 探索 root\cimv2 命名空间中的各种 WMI 类
 | 
			
		||||
@@ -144,7 +154,7 @@ Get-CimInstance -Namespace root -ClassName __NAMESPACE
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
### 网络管理
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
```powershell
 | 
			
		||||
```PowerShell
 | 
			
		||||
# 测试与远程主机的网络连接
 | 
			
		||||
Test-Connection -ComputerName google.com
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
@@ -164,7 +174,7 @@ Test-NetConnection google.com -Port 80
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
### 用户和组管理
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
```powershell
 | 
			
		||||
```PowerShell
 | 
			
		||||
# 获取本地用户账户信息
 | 
			
		||||
Get-LocalUser
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
@@ -183,7 +193,7 @@ Add-LocalGroupMember -Group Administrators -Member UserToAdd
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
### 安全性和权限
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
```powershell
 | 
			
		||||
```PowerShell
 | 
			
		||||
# 获取文件/目录的访问控制列表
 | 
			
		||||
Get-Acl C:\Path\To\File.txt
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
@@ -193,7 +203,7 @@ Set-Acl -Path C:\Path\To\File.txt -AclObject $aclObject
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
### 注册表管理
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
```powershell
 | 
			
		||||
```PowerShell
 | 
			
		||||
# 获取注册表键值
 | 
			
		||||
Get-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\*" | Select DisplayName, DisplayVersion
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
@@ -212,11 +222,11 @@ Test-Path "HKLM:\Software\MyApp"
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
## 脚本
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
###  变量
 | 
			
		||||
### 变量
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
初始化变量,指定或不指定类型:
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
```powershell
 | 
			
		||||
```PowerShell
 | 
			
		||||
$var = 0
 | 
			
		||||
[int] $var = 'Trevor'         # (抛出异常)
 | 
			
		||||
[string] $var = 'Trevor'      # (不会抛出异常)
 | 
			
		||||
@@ -234,7 +244,7 @@ $dict = @{k1 = 'test'; k2 = 'best'}
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
变量命令
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
```Powershell
 | 
			
		||||
```PowerShell
 | 
			
		||||
New-Variable -Name FirstName -Value Trevor
 | 
			
		||||
New-Variable FirstName -Value Trevor -Option <ReadOnly/Constant>
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
@@ -251,7 +261,7 @@ Remove-Variable -Name firstname -Force
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
### 运算符
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
```powershell
 | 
			
		||||
```PowerShell
 | 
			
		||||
# 运算符
 | 
			
		||||
# (a <op> b)
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
@@ -284,7 +294,7 @@ $regex.Matches('this is test').Value
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
#### 输入输出操作
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
```powershell
 | 
			
		||||
```PowerShell
 | 
			
		||||
"This displays a string"
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
Write-Host "color" -ForegroundColor Red
 | 
			
		||||
@@ -298,12 +308,12 @@ Clear-Host
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
#### 流控制
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
```powershell
 | 
			
		||||
```PowerShell
 | 
			
		||||
IF(<#Condition#>){
 | 
			
		||||
<#Commands#>}ELSEIF(){}ELSE{}
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
Switch($var){
 | 
			
		||||
	"val1"{<#Commands#>; break}
 | 
			
		||||
  "val1"{<#Commands#>; break}
 | 
			
		||||
    "val2"{<#Commands#>; break}
 | 
			
		||||
}
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
@@ -321,15 +331,15 @@ Do{}While()
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
#### 示例 1
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
```powershell
 | 
			
		||||
```PowerShell
 | 
			
		||||
function funcname{
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
    [CmdletBinding()]
 | 
			
		||||
	param(
 | 
			
		||||
		[Parameter(Mandatory)]
 | 
			
		||||
		[String]$user
 | 
			
		||||
	)
 | 
			
		||||
	Write-Host "welcome " $user
 | 
			
		||||
  param(
 | 
			
		||||
    [Parameter(Mandatory)]
 | 
			
		||||
    [String]$user
 | 
			
		||||
  )
 | 
			
		||||
  Write-Host "welcome " $user
 | 
			
		||||
    return "value"
 | 
			
		||||
}
 | 
			
		||||
$var = funcname -user pcb
 | 
			
		||||
@@ -337,7 +347,7 @@ $var = funcname -user pcb
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
#### 示例 2
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
```powershell
 | 
			
		||||
```PowerShell
 | 
			
		||||
function Get-EvenNumbers {
 | 
			
		||||
    [CmdletBinding()]
 | 
			
		||||
    param (
 | 
			
		||||
@@ -358,7 +368,7 @@ function Get-EvenNumbers {
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
#### 模块
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
```powershell
 | 
			
		||||
```PowerShell
 | 
			
		||||
# PowerShell 在路径中查找模块
 | 
			
		||||
$env:PSModulePath
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
@@ -381,11 +391,9 @@ New-Module -Name trevor -ScriptBlock {
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
### 注意
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
- 在大多数语言中,转义字符是反斜杠 **\\**,而在 PowerShell 中是反引号 **`**
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
## 参考
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
- [Microsoft Powershell](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/scripting/samples/sample-scripts-for-administration?view=powershell-7.3) _(learn.microsoft.com)_
 | 
			
		||||
- [Microsoft PowerShell](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/scripting/samples/sample-scripts-for-administration?view=powershell-7.3) _(learn.microsoft.com)_
 | 
			
		||||
- [cheatsheets](https://cheatsheets.zip/powershell)
 | 
			
		||||
 
 | 
			
		||||
		Reference in New Issue
	
	Block a user