2022-09-30 00:26:09 +08:00
|
|
|
|
Sed 备忘清单
|
|
|
|
|
====
|
|
|
|
|
|
2022-10-12 17:09:52 +08:00
|
|
|
|
Sed 是一个流编辑器,此 Sed 备忘清单包含 Sed 命令和一些常见的 Sed 技巧。
|
|
|
|
|
|
2022-09-30 00:26:09 +08:00
|
|
|
|
入门
|
|
|
|
|
----
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Sed 用法
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
语法
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
$ sed [options] command [input-file]
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
带管道
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
$ cat report.txt | sed 's/Nick/John/g'
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
$ echo '123abc' | sed 's/[0-9]+//g'
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 选项示例
|
|
|
|
|
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 参数 | 示例 | 描述 |
|
|
|
|
|
|-------|-------|-------|
|
|
|
|
|
| `-i` | sed -ibak 's/On/Off/' php.ini | 直接备份和修改输入文件 |
|
|
|
|
|
| `-E` | sed -E 's/[0-9]+//g' input-file | 使用扩展正则表达式 |
|
|
|
|
|
| `-n` | sed -n '3 p' config.conf | 禁止默认图案空间打印 |
|
|
|
|
|
| `-f` | sed -f script.sed config.conf | 执行 sed 脚本文件 |
|
|
|
|
|
| `-e` | sed -e 'command1' -e 'command2' input-file | 执行多个 sed 命令 |
|
|
|
|
|
<!--rehype:className=show-header-->
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 多个命令
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
$ echo "hello world" | sed -e 's/h/H/g' -e 's/w/W/g'
|
|
|
|
|
Hello World
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
使用 `-e` 执行多个 sed 命令
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Sed 脚本
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
$ echo 's/h/H/g' >> hello.sed
|
|
|
|
|
$ echo 's/w/W/g' >> hello.sed
|
|
|
|
|
$ echo "hello world" | sed -f hello.sed
|
|
|
|
|
Hello World
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
使用 `-f` 执行 sed 脚本文件
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Examples
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
$ sed 's/old/new/g' file.txt
|
|
|
|
|
$ sed 's/old/new/g' file.txt > new.txt
|
|
|
|
|
$ sed 's/old/new/g' -i file.txt
|
|
|
|
|
$ sed 's/old/new/g' -i.backup file.txt
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sed 命令
|
|
|
|
|
-----------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 命令
|
|
|
|
|
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
|
|
|
|
|
|
2022-11-03 11:03:44 +08:00
|
|
|
|
命令 | 示例 | 描述
|
|
|
|
|
:- | :- |:-
|
|
|
|
|
`p` | sed -n '1,4 p' input.txt | 打印第 1-4 行
|
|
|
|
|
`p` | sed -n -e '1,4 p' -e '6,7 p' input.txt | 打印第 1-4 行和第 6-7 行
|
|
|
|
|
`d` | sed '1,4 d' input.txt | 打印除 1-4 之外的行
|
|
|
|
|
`w` | sed -n '1,4 w output.txt' input.txt | 将模式空间写入文件
|
|
|
|
|
`a` | sed '2 a new-line' input.txt | 在后面追加一行
|
|
|
|
|
`i` | sed '2 i new-line' input.txt | 在前面插入行
|
2022-09-30 00:26:09 +08:00
|
|
|
|
<!--rehype:className=show-header-->
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 空间命令
|
|
|
|
|
|
2022-11-03 11:03:44 +08:00
|
|
|
|
命令 | 描述
|
|
|
|
|
:- | :-
|
|
|
|
|
`n` | 打印模式空间,空模式空间,读取下一行
|
|
|
|
|
`x` | 用保持空间交换模式空间
|
|
|
|
|
`h` | 复制模式空间以保持空间
|
|
|
|
|
`H` | 追加模式空间以保持空间
|
|
|
|
|
`g` | 将保持空间复制到模式空间
|
|
|
|
|
`G` | 将保持空间附加到模式空间
|
2022-09-30 00:26:09 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Flags
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
$ sed 's/old/new/[flags]' [input-file]
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Flag | Description |
|
|
|
|
|
|----------|--------------------------------------------|
|
|
|
|
|
| `g` | 全球替代 |
|
|
|
|
|
| `1,2...` | 替换第 n 次出现 |
|
|
|
|
|
| `p` | 仅打印替换的行 |
|
|
|
|
|
| `w` | 仅将替换的行写入文件 |
|
|
|
|
|
| `I` | 搜索时忽略大小写 |
|
|
|
|
|
| `e` | 在命令行中替换并执行 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 循环命令
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Command | Description |
|
|
|
|
|
|-----------|--------------------------------------------------------------------|
|
|
|
|
|
| `b label` | 分支到标签(用于循环) |
|
|
|
|
|
| `t label` | 仅在成功替换时分支到标签(用于循环) |
|
|
|
|
|
| `:label` | b 和 t 命令的标签(用于循环) |
|
|
|
|
|
| `N` | 将下一行追加到模式空间 |
|
|
|
|
|
| `P` | 多行打印第一行 |
|
|
|
|
|
| `D` | 删除多行中的第一行 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 杂项标志
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Flag | Description |
|
|
|
|
|
|----------------|---------------|
|
|
|
|
|
| `/ \| ^ @ ! #` | 替换分隔符可以是任何字符 |
|
|
|
|
|
| `&` | 获取匹配的模式 |
|
|
|
|
|
| `( ) \1 \2 \3` | 使用 `(` 和 `)` 进行分组。<br>使用 `\1`、`\2` 替换来引用组 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sed 示例
|
|
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 替换文本
|
|
|
|
|
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
替换所有出现的字符串
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
$ sed 's/old/new/g' file.txt
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
仅替换第 n 次出现的字符串
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
$ sed 's/old/new/2' file.txt
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
仅在第 5 行替换替换字符串
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
$ sed '5 s/old/new/' file.txt
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
将“world”替换为“universe”,但前提是该行以“hello”开头
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
$ sed '/hello/s/world/universe/' file.txt
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
从每行的末尾删除“\”
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
$ sed 's/\\$//' file.txt
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
删除每行开头的所有空格
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
$ sed 's/^\s*//' file.txt
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
删除评论。 即使是那些在行尾的
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
$ sed 's/#.*$//' file.txt
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 搜索文本
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
搜索字符串并仅打印匹配的行
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
$ sed -n '/hello/p' file.txt
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
不区分大小写的搜索
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
$ sed -n '/hello/Ip' file.txt
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
搜索字符串,但仅输出不匹配的行
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
$ sed -n '/hello/!p' file.txt
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 追加行
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
在第 2 行之后追加一行
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
$ sed '2a Text after line 2' file.txt
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
在文件末尾追加一行
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
$ sed '$a THE END!' file.txt
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
从第 3 行开始,每 3 行后追加一行
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
$ sed '3~3a Some text' file.txt
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 编号
|
|
|
|
|
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
文件的数字行(简单的左对齐)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
$ sed = file.txt | sed 'N;s/\n/\t/'
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
文件的数字行(数字在左,右对齐)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
$ sed = file.txt | sed 'N; s/^/ /; s/ *\(.\{6,\}\)\n/\1 /'
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
文件的数字行,但如果行不为空,则仅打印数字
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
$ sed '/./=' file.txt | sed '/./N; s/\n/ /'
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
计算行数(模拟“wc -l”)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
$ sed -n '$='
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 前置行
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
在第 5 行之前插入文本
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
$ sed '5i line number five' file.txt
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
在包含“hello”的每一行之前插入“示例:”
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
$ sed '/hello/i Example: ' file.txt
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 删除行
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
删除文件中的第 5-7 行
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
$ sed '5,7d' file.txt
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
删除从第 3 行开始的每 2 行
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
$ sed '3~2d' file.txt
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
删除文件的最后一行
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
$ sed '$d' file.txt
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
删除以“Hello”开头的行
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
$ sed '/^Hello/d' file.txt
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
删除所有空行
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
$ sed '/^$/d' file.txt
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
删除以“#”开头的行
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
$ sed '/^#/d' file.txt
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 文件间距
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
双倍行距
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
$ sed G
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
删除所有空行和双空格
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
$ sed '/^$/d;G'
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
三倍空间文件
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
$ sed 'G;G'
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
撤消双倍行距
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
$ sed 'n;d'
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
在匹配“正则表达式”的行上方插入一个空行
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
$ sed '/regex/{x;p;x;}'
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
在匹配“正则表达式”的行下方插入一个空行
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
$ sed '/regex/G'
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
在匹配“正则表达式”的行周围插入一个空行
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
$ sed '/regex/{x;p;x;G;}'
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
另见
|
|
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- [sed 备忘单](https://gist.github.com/ssstonebraker/6140154) _(gist.github.com)_
|