2022-09-28 17:24:40 +08:00
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Docker 备忘清单
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===
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这是 [Docker](https://docs.docker.com/get-started/) 的快速参考备忘单。 你可以在这里找到最常见的 Docker 命令。
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入门
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----
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<!--rehype:body-class=cols-2-->
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### 入门
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在后台创建和运行容器
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```shell
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$ docker run -d -p 80:80 docker/getting-started
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```
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----
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- `-d` - 以分离模式运行容器
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- `-p 80:80` - 将端口 80 映射到容器中的端口 80
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- `docker/getting-started` - 要使用的镜像
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在前台创建并运行容器
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```shell
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$ docker run -it -p 8001:8080 --name my-nginx nginx
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```
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----
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- `-it` - 交互式 bash 模式
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- `-p 8001:8080` - 将 `8001` 端口映射到容器中的 `8080` 端口
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- `--name my-nginx` - 指定名称
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- `nginx` - 要使用的镜像
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### 一般命令
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| Example | Description |
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|-------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------|
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| `docker ps` | 列出正在运行的容器 |
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| `docker ps -a` | 列出所有容器 |
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| `docker ps -s` | 列出正在运行的容器 _(带 CPU / 内存)_ |
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| `docker images` | 列出所有镜像 |
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| `docker exec -it <container> bash` | 连接到容器 |
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| `docker logs <container>` | 显示容器的控制台日志 |
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| `docker stop <container>` | 停止容器 |
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| `docker restart <container>` | 重启一个容器 |
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| `docker rm <container>` | 移除一个容器 |
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| `docker port <container>` | 显示容器的端口映射 |
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| `docker top <container>` | 列出进程 |
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| `docker kill <container>` | 杀死一个容器 |
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参数 `<container>` 可以是容器 id 或名称
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Docker 容器
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----
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<!--rehype:body-class=cols-2-->
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### 启动和停止
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| Description | Example |
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|-------------------------------|-------------------------------------|
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2022-09-28 17:26:52 +08:00
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`docker start nginx-server` | 开始
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`docker stop nginx-server` | 停止
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`docker restart nginx-server` | 重启
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`docker pause nginx-server` | 暂停
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`docker unpause nginx-server` | 取消暂停
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`docker wait nginx-server` | 阻塞容器
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`docker kill nginx-server` | 发送 SIGKILL
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`docker attach nginx-server` | 连接到现有容器
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2022-09-28 17:24:40 +08:00
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### 说明
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| Example | Description |
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|-------------------------------|----------------------------------------|
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`docker ps` | 列出正在运行的容器
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`docker ps -a` | 列出所有容器
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`docker logs nginx-server` | 容器日志
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`docker inspect nginx-server` | 检查容器
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`docker events nginx-server` | 容器事件
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`docker port nginx-server` | 公共端口
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`docker top nginx-server` | 运行进程
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`docker stats nginx-server` | 容器资源使用
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`docker diff nginx-server` | 列出对容器所做的更改
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### 创建容器
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```shell
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docker create [options] IMAGE
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-a, --attach # 附加标准输出/错误
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-i, --interactive # 附加标准输入（交互式）
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-t, --tty # 伪终端 pseudo-tty
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--name NAME # 命名你的镜像
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-p, --publish 5000:5000 # 端口映射（主机:容器）
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--expose 5432 # 向容器公开端口
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-P, --publish-all # 发布所有端口
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--link container:alias # 链接 linking
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-v, --volume `pwd`:/app # mount（需要绝对路径）
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-e, --env NAME=hello # 环境变量 env vars
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```
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#### 实例
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```shell
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$ docker create --name my_redis --expose 6379 redis:3.0.2
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```
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### 操控
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重命名容器
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```shell
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docker rename my-nginx nginx-server
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```
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移除容器
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```shell
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docker rm nginx-server
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```
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更新容器
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```shell
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docker update --cpu-shares 512 -m 300M nginx-server
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```
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2022-09-30 17:33:13 +08:00
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Docker 镜像
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2022-09-28 17:24:40 +08:00
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----
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<!--rehype:body-class=cols-2-->
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### 操控
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| `Example` | Description |
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|-----------|-----------|
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`docker images` | 列出镜像
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`docker rmi nginx` | 删除镜像
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`docker load < ubuntu.tar.gz` | 加载一个 tarred 存储库
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`docker load --input ubuntu.tar` | 加载一个 tarred 存储库
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`docker save busybox > ubuntu.tar` | 将镜像保存到 tar 存档
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`docker history` | 显示镜像的历史
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`docker commit nginx` | 将容器另存为镜像。
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`docker tag nginx eon01/nginx` | 标记镜像
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`docker push eon01/nginx` | 推送镜像
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### 构建镜像
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```shell
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$ docker build .
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$ docker build github.com/creack/docker-firefox
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$ docker build - < Dockerfile
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$ docker build - < context.tar.gz
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$ docker build -t eon/nginx-server .
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$ docker build -f myOtherDockerfile .
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$ curl example.com/remote/Dockerfile | docker build -f - .
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```
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2022-09-30 17:33:13 +08:00
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Docker 网络
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2022-09-28 17:24:40 +08:00
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----
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<!--rehype:body-class=cols-2-->
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### 操作
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删除网络
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```shell
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docker network rm MyOverlayNetwork
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```
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列出网络
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```shell
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docker network ls
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```
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获取有关网络的信息
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```shell
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docker network inspect MyOverlayNetwork
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```
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将正在运行的容器连接到网络
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```shell
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docker network connect MyOverlayNetwork nginx
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```
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启动时将容器连接到网络
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```shell
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docker run -it -d --network=MyOverlayNetwork nginx
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```
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断开容器与网络的连接
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```shell
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docker network disconnect MyOverlayNetwork nginx
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```
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### 创建网络
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```shell
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docker network create -d overlay MyOverlayNetwork
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docker network create -d bridge MyBridgeNetwork
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docker network create -d overlay \
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--subnet=192.168.0.0/16 \
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--subnet=192.170.0.0/16 \
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--gateway=192.168.0.100 \
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--gateway=192.170.0.100 \
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--ip-range=192.168.1.0/24 \
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--aux-address="my-router=192.168.1.5" \
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--aux-address="my-switch=192.168.1.6" \
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--aux-address="my-printer=192.170.1.5" \
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--aux-address="my-nas=192.170.1.6" \
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MyOverlayNetwork
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```
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各种各样的
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----
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<!--rehype:body-class=cols-2-->
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### Docker Hub
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| Docker 语法 | 说明 |
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|------------|------|
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`docker search search_word` | 在 docker hub 中搜索镜像。
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`docker pull user/image ` | 从 docker hub 下载镜像。
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`docker login ` | 向 docker hub 进行身份验证
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`docker push user/image ` | 将镜像上传到 docker hub。
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### 注册表命令
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-3-->
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登录到注册表
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```shell
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$ docker login
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$ docker login localhost:8080
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```
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从注册表注销
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```shell
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$ docker logout
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$ docker logout localhost:8080
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```
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搜索镜像
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```shell
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$ docker search nginx
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$ docker search nginx --stars=3 --no-trunc busybox
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```
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拉取镜像
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```shell
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$ docker pull nginx
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$ docker pull eon01/nginx localhost:5000/myadmin/nginx
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```
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推送镜像
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```shell
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$ docker push eon01/nginx
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$ docker push eon01/nginx localhost:5000/myadmin/nginx
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```
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### 批量清除
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| 实例 | 说明 |
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|---------|---------|
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`docker stop -f $(docker ps -a -q)` | 停止所有容器
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`docker rm -f $(docker ps -a -q)` | 删除所有容器
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`docker rmi -f $(docker images -q)` | 删除所有图像
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### 卷 volume
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检查卷
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```shell
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$ docker volume ls
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```
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清理未使用的卷
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```shell
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$ docker volume prune
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2022-10-01 12:22:14 +08:00
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```
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另见
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----
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- [Dockerfile 备忘清单](./dockerfile.md) _(github.io)_
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2022-10-01 21:20:19 +08:00
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- [Docker 官方入门教程](https://docs.docker.com/get-started/) _(docker.com)_
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- [Docker入门学习笔记](https://jaywcjlove.github.io/docker-tutorial) _(github.io)_
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