2022-10-30 01:44:38 +08:00
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Vue 3 备忘清单
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===
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渐进式 JavaScript 框架 [Vue 3](https://cn.vuejs.org/) 备忘清单的快速参考列表,包含常用 API 和示例。
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入门
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---
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### 介绍
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Vue 是一套用于构建用户界面的渐进式框架
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2022-11-03 19:16:33 +08:00
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- [Vue 3.x 官方文档](https://cn.vuejs.org/) _(cn.vuejs.org)_
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- [Vue Router 4.x 官方文档](https://router.vuejs.org/zh/) _(router.vuejs.org)_
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- [Vue 2 备忘清单](./vue2.md)
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2022-10-30 01:44:38 +08:00
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<!--rehype:className=style-round-->
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注意:Vue 3.x 版本对应 Vue Router 4.x 路由版本
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### 创建应用
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-3-->
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已安装 `16.0` 或更高版本的 Node.js
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```bash
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$ npm init vue@latest
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```
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指令将会安装并执行 [create-vue](https://www.npmjs.com/package/create-vue),它是 Vue 官方的项目脚手架工具
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```bash
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✔ Project name: … <your-project-name>
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✔ Add TypeScript? … No/Yes
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✔ Add JSX Support? … No/Yes
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✔ Add Vue Router for Single Page Application development? … No/Yes
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✔ Add Pinia for state management? … No/Yes
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✔ Add Vitest for Unit testing? … No/Yes
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✔ Add Cypress for both Unit and End-to-End testing? … No/Yes
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✔ Add ESLint for code quality? … No/Yes
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✔ Add Prettier for code formatting? … No/Yes
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Scaffolding project in ./<your-project-name>...
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Done.
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```
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<!--rehype:className=wrap-text -->
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安装依赖并启动开发服务器
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```bash
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$ cd <your-project-name>
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$ npm install
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$ npm run dev
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```
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当你准备将应用发布到生产环境时,请运行:
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```bash
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$ npm run build
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```
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此命令会在 `./dist` 文件夹中为你的应用创建一个生产环境的构建版本
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### 应用实例
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
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```js
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import { createApp } from 'vue'
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const app = createApp({
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data() {
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return { count: 0 }
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}
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})
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app.mount('#app')
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```
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挂载应用
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```html
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<div id="app">
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<button @click="count++">
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{{ count }}
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</button>
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</div>
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```
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### 通过 CDN 使用 Vue
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```html
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<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@3/dist/vue.global.js"></script>
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<div id="app">{{ message }}</div>
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<script>
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const { createApp } = Vue
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createApp({
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data() {
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return {
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message: 'Hello Vue!'
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}
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}
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}).mount('#app')
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</script>
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```
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<!--rehype:className=wrap-text -->
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### 使用 ES 模块构建版本
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```html
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<div id="app">{{ message }}</div>
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<script type="module">
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import { createApp } from 'https://unpkg.com/vue@3/dist/vue.esm-browser.js'
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createApp({
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data() {
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return {
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message: 'Hello Vue!'
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}
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}
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}).mount('#app')
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</script>
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```
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<!--rehype:className=wrap-text -->
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模板语法
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---
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### 文本插值
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```html
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<span>Message: {{ msg }}</span>
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```
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2022-11-11 01:51:54 +08:00
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使用的是 `Mustache` 语法 (即双大括号),每次 `msg` 属性更改时它也会同步更新
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### 原始 HTML
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
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```html
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<p>Using text interpolation: {{ rawHtml }}</p>
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<p>Using v-html directive: <span v-html="rawHtml"></span></p>
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```
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双大括号`{{}}`会将数据解释为纯文本,使用 `v-html` 指令,将插入 HTML
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### Attribute 绑定
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```html
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<div v-bind:id="dynamicId"></div>
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```
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简写
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```html
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<div :id="dynamicId"></div>
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```
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### 布尔型 Attribute
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```html
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<button :disabled="isButtonDisabled">
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Button
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</button>
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```
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<!--rehype:className=wrap-text -->
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### 动态绑定多个值
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
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```js
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data() {
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return {
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objectOfAttrs: {
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id: 'container',
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class: 'wrapper'
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}
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}
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}
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```
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通过不带参数的 `v-bind`,你可以将它们绑定到单个元素上
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```html
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<div v-bind="objectOfAttrs"></div>
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```
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### 使用 JavaScript 表达式
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```html
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{{ number + 1 }}
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{{ ok ? 'YES' : 'NO' }}
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{{ message.split('').reverse().join('') }}
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<div :id="`list-${id}`"></div>
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```
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### 仅支持表达式(例子都是无效)
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```html
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<!-- 这是一个语句,而非表达式 -->
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{{ var a = 1 }}
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<!-- 条件控制也不支持,请使用三元表达式 -->
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{{ if (ok) { return message } }}
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```
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### 调用函数
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```html
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<span :title="toTitleDate(date)">
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{{ formatDate(date) }}
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</span>
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```
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### 指令 Directives
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```html
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<p v-if="seen">Now you see me</p>
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```
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### 参数 Arguments
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```html
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<a v-bind:href="url"> ... </a>
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<!-- 简写 -->
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<a :href="url"> ... </a>
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```
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### 绑定事件
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```html
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<a v-on:click="doSomething"> ... </a>
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<!-- 简写 -->
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<a @click="doSomething"> ... </a>
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```
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### 动态参数
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```html
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<a v-bind:[attributeName]="url"> ... </a>
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<!-- 简写 -->
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<a :[attributeName]="url"> ... </a>
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```
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这里的 `attributeName` 会作为一个 JS 表达式被动态执行
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### 动态的事件名称
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```html
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<a v-on:[eventName]="doSomething"> ... </a>
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<!-- 简写 -->
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<a @[eventName]="doSomething">
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```
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### 修饰符 Modifiers
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```html
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<form @submit.prevent="onSubmit">
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...
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</form>
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```
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`.prevent` 修饰符会告知 `v-on` 指令对触发的事件调用 `event.preventDefault()`
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### 指令语法
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```bash
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v-on:submit.prevent="onSubmit"
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──┬─ ─┬──── ─┬───── ─┬──────
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┆ ┆ ┆ ╰─ Value 解释为JS表达式
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┆ ┆ ╰─ Modifiers 由前导点表示
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┆ ╰─ Argument 跟随冒号或速记符号
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╰─ Name 以 v- 开头使用速记时可以省略
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```
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响应式基础
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---
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### 声明状态
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```html
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<div>{{ state.count }}</div>
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```
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---
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2022-11-15 13:14:06 +08:00
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```js {6,7,11}
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import { defineComponent, reactive } from 'vue';
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// `defineComponent`用于IDE推导类型
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export default defineComponent({
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// `setup` 是一个专门用于组合式 API 的特殊钩子函数
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setup() {
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const state = reactive({ count: 0 });
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// 暴露 state 到模板
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return {
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state
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};
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},
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});
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```
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### 声明方法
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```html
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<button @click="increment">
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{{ state.count }}
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</button>
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```
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---
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2022-11-15 13:14:06 +08:00
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```js {7-9,14}
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import { defineComponent, reactive } from 'vue';
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export default defineComponent({
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setup() {
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const state = reactive({ count: 0 });
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function increment() {
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state.count++;
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}
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// 不要忘记同时暴露 increment 函数
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return {
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state,
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increment
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};
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},
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})
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```
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### `<script setup>` setup语法糖
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```html {1}
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<script setup>
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// setup语法糖用于简化代码,尤其是当需要暴露的状态和方法越来越多时
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import { reactive } from 'vue';
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const state = reactive({ count: 0 })
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function increment() {
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state.count++
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}
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</script>
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|
|
|
<template>
|
|
|
|
|
<button @click="increment">
|
|
|
|
|
{{ state.count }}
|
|
|
|
|
</button>
|
|
|
|
|
</template>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 用 `ref()` 定义响应式变量
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
|
|
|
// `reactive`只能用于对象、数组和 Map、Set 这样的集合类型,对 string、number 和 boolean 这样的原始类型则需要使用`ref`
|
|
|
|
|
import { ref } from 'vue';
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
const count = ref(0);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
console.log(count); // { value: 0 }
|
|
|
|
|
console.log(count.value); // 0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
count.value++;
|
|
|
|
|
console.log(count.value); // 1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
const objectRef = ref({ count: 0 });
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 这是响应式的替换
|
|
|
|
|
objectRef.value = { count: 1 };
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
const obj = {
|
|
|
|
|
foo: ref(1),
|
|
|
|
|
bar: ref(2)
|
|
|
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 该函数接收一个 ref
|
|
|
|
|
// 需要通过 .value 取值
|
|
|
|
|
// 但它会保持响应性
|
|
|
|
|
callSomeFunction(obj.foo);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 仍然是响应式的
|
|
|
|
|
const { foo, bar } = obj;
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```html
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- PS: 在html模板中不需要带.value就可以使用 -->
|
|
|
|
|
<script setup>
|
|
|
|
|
import { ref } from 'vue';
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
const count = ref(0);
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<template>
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
|
|
|
{{ count }}
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
</template>
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 有状态方法
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```js
|
2022-11-15 13:14:06 +08:00
|
|
|
|
import { reactive, defineComponent, onUnmounted } from 'vue';
|
|
|
|
|
import { debounce } from 'lodash-es';
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
export default defineComponent({
|
|
|
|
|
setup() {
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
|
|
|
|
// 每个实例都有了自己的预置防抖的处理函数
|
2022-11-15 13:14:06 +08:00
|
|
|
|
const debouncedClick = debounce(click, 500);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
function click() {
|
|
|
|
|
// ... 对点击的响应 ...
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
|
|
|
|
// 最好是在组件卸载时
|
|
|
|
|
// 清除掉防抖计时器
|
2022-11-15 13:14:06 +08:00
|
|
|
|
onUnmounted(() => {
|
|
|
|
|
debouncedClick.cancel();
|
|
|
|
|
});
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
|
|
|
|
},
|
2022-11-15 13:14:06 +08:00
|
|
|
|
});
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text -->
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
API 参考
|
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
|
|
2022-11-03 10:26:24 +08:00
|
|
|
|
### 全局 API - 应用实例
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
|
|
|
|
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-3-->
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
:- | :-
|
|
|
|
|
:- | :-
|
2022-11-15 19:00:56 +08:00
|
|
|
|
`createApp()` | 创建一个应用实例 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/application.html#create-app)
|
|
|
|
|
`createSSRApp()` | 以 [SSR 激活](https://cn.vuejs.org/guide/scaling-up/ssr.html#client-hydration)模式创建一个应用实例 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/application.html#create-ssr-app)
|
|
|
|
|
`app.mount()` | 将应用实例挂载在一个容器元素中 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/application.html#app-mount)
|
|
|
|
|
`app.unmount()` | 卸载一个已挂载的应用实例 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/application.html#app-unmount)
|
|
|
|
|
`app.provide()` | 提供一个可以在应用中的所有后代组件中注入使用的值 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/application.html#app-provide)
|
|
|
|
|
`app.component()` | 注册或获取全局组件 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/application.html#app-component)
|
|
|
|
|
`app.directive()` | 注册或获取全局指令 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/application.html#app-directive)
|
|
|
|
|
`app.use()` | 安装一个插件 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/application.html#app-use)
|
|
|
|
|
`app.mixin()` | 全局注册一个混入 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/application.html#app-mixin)
|
|
|
|
|
`app.version` | 当前应用所使用的 Vue 版本号 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/application.html#app-version)
|
|
|
|
|
`app.config` | 获得应用实例的配置设定 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/application.html#app-config)
|
|
|
|
|
`app.config.errorHandler` | 为应用内抛出的未捕获错误指定一个全局处理函数 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/application.html#app-config-errorhandler)
|
|
|
|
|
`app.config.warnHandler` | 为 Vue 的运行时警告指定一个自定义处理函数 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/application.html#app-config-warnhandler)
|
|
|
|
|
`app.config.performance` | 在浏览器开发工具中追踪性能表现 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/application.html#app-config-performance)
|
|
|
|
|
`app.config.compilerOptions` | 配置运行时编译器的选项 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/application.html#app-config-compileroptions)
|
|
|
|
|
`app.config.globalProperties` | 注册全局属性对象 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/application.html#app-config-globalproperties)
|
|
|
|
|
`app.config.optionMergeStrategies` | 定义自定义组件选项的合并策略的对象 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/application.html#app-config-optionmergestrategies)
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2022-11-03 10:26:24 +08:00
|
|
|
|
### 全局 API - 通用
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
:- | :-
|
|
|
|
|
:- | :-
|
2022-11-15 19:00:56 +08:00
|
|
|
|
`version` | Vue 版本号 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/general.html#version)
|
|
|
|
|
`nextTick()` | 等待下一次 DOM 更新后执行回调 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/general.html#nexttick)
|
|
|
|
|
`defineComponent()` | 在定义 Vue 组件时提供类型推导的辅助函数 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/general.html#definecomponent)
|
|
|
|
|
`defineAsyncComponent()` | 定义一个异步组件 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/general.html#defineasynccomponent)
|
2022-11-03 01:09:38 +08:00
|
|
|
|
`defineCustomElement()` | [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/general.html#definecustomelement)
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2022-11-03 10:26:24 +08:00
|
|
|
|
### 组合式 API - setup()
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
:- | :-
|
|
|
|
|
:- | :-
|
2022-11-03 01:09:38 +08:00
|
|
|
|
`基本使用` | [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/composition-api-setup.html#basic-usage)
|
|
|
|
|
`访问 Props` | [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/composition-api-setup.html#accessing-props)
|
|
|
|
|
`Setup 上下文` | [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/composition-api-setup.html#setup-context)
|
|
|
|
|
`与渲染函数一起使用` | [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/composition-api-setup.html#usage-with-render-functions)
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2022-11-03 10:26:24 +08:00
|
|
|
|
### 组合式 API - 响应式: 工具
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
:- | :-
|
|
|
|
|
:- | :-
|
2022-11-15 19:00:56 +08:00
|
|
|
|
`isRef()` | 判断是否为 ref [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/reactivity-utilities.html#isref)
|
|
|
|
|
`unref()` | 是 ref,返回内部值,否则返回参数本身 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/reactivity-utilities.html#unref)
|
|
|
|
|
`toRef()` | 创建一个属性对应的 ref [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/reactivity-utilities.html#toref)
|
|
|
|
|
`toRefs()` | 将对象上的每一个可枚举属性转换为 ref [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/reactivity-utilities.html#torefs)
|
|
|
|
|
`isProxy()` | 检查一个对象是否是由 `reactive()`、`readonly()`、`shallowReactive()` 或 `shallowReadonly()` 创建的代理 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/reactivity-utilities.html#isproxy)
|
|
|
|
|
`isReactive()` | 检查一个对象是否是由 `reactive()` 或 `shallowReactive()` 创建的代理。 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/reactivity-utilities.html#isreactive)
|
|
|
|
|
`isReadonly()` | 检查传入的值是否为只读对象 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/reactivity-utilities.html#isreadonly)
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2022-11-03 10:26:24 +08:00
|
|
|
|
### 组合式 API - 生命周期钩子
|
|
|
|
|
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-3-->
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
:- | :-
|
|
|
|
|
:- | :-
|
2022-11-03 10:26:24 +08:00
|
|
|
|
`onMounted()` | 组件挂载完成后执行 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/composition-api-lifecycle.html#onmounted)
|
|
|
|
|
`onUpdated()` | 状态变更而更新其 DOM 树之后调用 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/composition-api-lifecycle.html#onupdated)
|
|
|
|
|
`onUnmounted()` | 组件实例被卸载之后调用 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/composition-api-lifecycle.html#onunmounted)
|
|
|
|
|
`onBeforeMount()` | 组件被挂载之前被调用 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/composition-api-lifecycle.html#onbeforemount)
|
|
|
|
|
`onBeforeUpdate()` | 状态变更而更新其 DOM 树之前调用 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/composition-api-lifecycle.html#onbeforeupdate)
|
|
|
|
|
`onBeforeUnmount()` | 组件实例被卸载之前调用 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/composition-api-lifecycle.html#onbeforeunmount)
|
|
|
|
|
`onErrorCaptured()` | 捕获了后代组件传递的错误时调用 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/composition-api-lifecycle.html#onerrorcaptured)
|
|
|
|
|
`onRenderTracked()` | 组件渲染过程中追踪到响应式依赖时调用 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/composition-api-lifecycle.html#onrendertracked)
|
|
|
|
|
`onRenderTriggered()` | 响应式依赖的变更触发了组件渲染时调用 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/composition-api-lifecycle.html#onrendertriggered)
|
|
|
|
|
`onActivated()` | 若组件实例是 \<KeepAlive> 缓存树的一部分,当组件被插入到 DOM 中时调用 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/composition-api-lifecycle.html#onactivated)
|
|
|
|
|
`onDeactivated()` | 若组件实例是 \<KeepAlive> 缓存树的一部分,当组件从 DOM 中被移除时调用 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/composition-api-lifecycle.html#ondeactivated)
|
|
|
|
|
`onServerPrefetch()` | 组件实例在服务器上被渲染之前调用 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/composition-api-lifecycle.html#onserverprefetch)
|
|
|
|
|
<!--rehype:className=style-list-->
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2022-11-03 10:26:24 +08:00
|
|
|
|
### 组合式 API - 依赖注入
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
:- | :-
|
|
|
|
|
:- | :-
|
2022-11-15 19:00:56 +08:00
|
|
|
|
`provide()` | 提供一个可以被后代组件中注入使用的值 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/composition-api-dependency-injection.html#provide)
|
|
|
|
|
`inject()` | 注入一个由祖先组件提供的值 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/composition-api-dependency-injection.html#inject)
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2022-11-03 10:26:24 +08:00
|
|
|
|
### 组合式 API - 响应式: 核心
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
:- | :-
|
|
|
|
|
:- | :-
|
2022-11-15 19:00:56 +08:00
|
|
|
|
`ref()` | 返回一个 ref 对象 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/reactivity-core.html#ref)
|
|
|
|
|
`computed ()` | 定义一个计算属性 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/reactivity-core.html#computed)
|
|
|
|
|
`reactive()` | 返回一个对象的响应式代理 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/reactivity-core.html#reactive)
|
|
|
|
|
`readonly()` | 返回一个原值的只读代理 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/reactivity-core.html#readonly)
|
|
|
|
|
`watchEffect()` | 立即运行一个函数,同时监听 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/reactivity-core.html#watcheffect)
|
|
|
|
|
`watchPostEffect()` | `watchEffect()` 使用 `flush: 'post'` 选项时的别名。 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/reactivity-core.html#watchposteffect)
|
|
|
|
|
`watchSyncEffect()` | `watchEffect()` 使用 `flush: 'sync'` 选项时的别名。 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/reactivity-core.html#watchsynceffect)
|
|
|
|
|
`watch()` | 侦听一个或多个响应式数据源 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/reactivity-core.html#watch)
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2022-11-03 10:26:24 +08:00
|
|
|
|
### 选项式 API - 状态选项
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
:- | :-
|
|
|
|
|
:- | :-
|
2022-11-15 19:00:56 +08:00
|
|
|
|
`data` | 声明组件初始响应式状态 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/options-state.html#data)
|
|
|
|
|
`props` | 声明一个组件的 props [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/options-state.html#props)
|
|
|
|
|
`computed` | 声明要在组件实例上暴露的计算属性 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/options-state.html#computed)
|
|
|
|
|
`methods` | 声明要混入到组件实例中的方法 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/options-state.html#methods)
|
|
|
|
|
`watch` | 声明在数据更改时调用的侦听回调 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/options-state.html#watch)
|
|
|
|
|
`emits` | 声明由组件触发的自定义事件 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/options-state.html#emits)
|
|
|
|
|
`expose` | 声明当组件实例被父组件通过模板引用访问时暴露的公共属性 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/options-state.html#expose)
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2022-11-03 10:26:24 +08:00
|
|
|
|
### 选项式 API - 生命周期选项
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
|
|
|
|
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
:- | :-
|
|
|
|
|
:- | :-
|
2022-11-15 19:00:56 +08:00
|
|
|
|
`beforeCreate` | 组件实例初始化完成之后立即调用 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/options-lifecycle.html#beforecreate)
|
|
|
|
|
`created` | 组件实例处理完所有与状态相关的选项后调用 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/options-lifecycle.html#created)
|
|
|
|
|
`beforeMount` | 组件被挂载之前调用 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/options-lifecycle.html#beforemount)
|
|
|
|
|
`mounted` | 组件被挂载之后调用 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/options-lifecycle.html#mounted)
|
|
|
|
|
`beforeUpdate` | 状态变更而更新其 DOM 树之前调用 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/options-lifecycle.html#beforeupdate)
|
|
|
|
|
`updated` | 状态变更而更新其 DOM 树之后调用 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/options-lifecycle.html#updated)
|
|
|
|
|
`beforeUnmount` | 组件实例被卸载之前调用 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/options-lifecycle.html#beforeunmount)
|
|
|
|
|
`unmounted` | 组件实例被卸载之后调用 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/options-lifecycle.html#unmounted)
|
|
|
|
|
`errorCaptured` | 捕获了后代组件传递的错误时调用 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/options-lifecycle.html#errorcaptured)
|
|
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`renderTracked` _Dev only_ | 组件渲染过程中追踪到响应式依赖时调用 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/options-lifecycle.html#rendertracked)
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`renderTriggered` _Dev only_ | 响应式依赖的变更触发了组件渲染时调用 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/options-lifecycle.html#rendertriggered-sup-classvt-badge-dev-only)
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`activated` | 若组件实例是 <KeepAlive> 缓存树的一部分,当组件被插入到 DOM 中时调用 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/options-lifecycle.html#activated)
|
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`deactivated` | 若组件实例是 <KeepAlive> 缓存树的一部分,当组件从 DOM 中被移除时调用 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/options-lifecycle.html#deactivated)
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`serverPrefetch` _SSR only_ | 组件实例在服务器上被渲染之前调用 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/options-lifecycle.html#serverprefetch)
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
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2022-11-03 10:26:24 +08:00
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### 选项式 API - 其他杂项
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
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:- | :-
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:- | :-
|
2022-11-03 10:26:24 +08:00
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`name` | 显式声明组件展示时的名称 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/options-misc.html#name)
|
2022-11-15 19:00:56 +08:00
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`inheritAttrs` | 是否启用默认的组件 `attribute` 透传行为 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/options-misc.html#inheritattrs)
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`components` | 注册对当前组件实例可用的组件 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/options-misc.html#components)
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`directives` | 注册对当前组件实例可用的指令 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/options-misc.html#directives)
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
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2022-11-03 10:26:24 +08:00
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### 选项式 API - 渲染选项
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
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:- | :-
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:- | :-
|
2022-11-15 19:00:56 +08:00
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`template` | 声明组件的字符串模板 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/options-rendering.html#template)
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`render` | 编程式地创建组件虚拟 DOM 树的函数 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/options-rendering.html#render)
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`compilerOptions` | 配置组件模板的运行时编译器选项 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/options-rendering.html#compileroptions)
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
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2022-11-03 10:26:24 +08:00
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### 选项式 API - 组件实例
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
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|
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
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:- | :-
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:- | :-
|
2022-11-15 19:00:56 +08:00
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`$data` | 观察的数据对象 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/component-instance.html#data)
|
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`$props` | 组件已解析的 props 对象 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/component-instance.html#props)
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`$el` | 实例管理的 DOM 根节点 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/component-instance.html#el)
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`$options` | 实例的初始化选项 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/component-instance.html#options)
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|
`$parent` | 父实例 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/component-instance.html#parent)
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`$root` | 当前组件树的根实例 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/component-instance.html#root)
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`$slots` | 访问被插槽分发的内容 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/component-instance.html#slots)
|
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|
`$refs` | DOM 元素和组件实例 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/component-instance.html#refs)
|
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|
`$attrs` | 包含了组件所有[透传 attributes](https://cn.vuejs.org/guide/components/attrs.html) [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/component-instance.html#attrs)
|
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`$watch()` | 观察 Vue 实例上的一个表达式或者一个函数计算结果的变化 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/component-instance.html#watch)
|
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`$emit()` | 触发一个自定义事件 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/component-instance.html#emit)
|
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|
`$forceUpdate()` | 强制该组件重新渲染 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/component-instance.html#forceupdate)
|
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|
`$nextTick()` | 回调延迟执行 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/component-instance.html#nexttick)
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
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|
2022-11-03 10:26:24 +08:00
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|
### 选项式 API - 组合选项
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
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|
:- | :-
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|
:- | :-
|
2022-11-15 19:00:56 +08:00
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|
`provide` | 提供可以被后代组件注入的值 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/options-composition.html#provide)
|
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|
`inject` | 注入一个由祖先组件提供的值 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/options-composition.html#inject)
|
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|
`mixins` | 接收一个混入对象的数组 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/options-composition.html#mixins)
|
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|
`extends` | 要继承的“基类”组件 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/options-composition.html#extends)
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
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|
2022-11-03 10:26:24 +08:00
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|
### 内置内容 - 指令
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
|
|
|
|
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
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|
:- | :-
|
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|
:- | :-
|
2022-11-15 19:00:56 +08:00
|
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|
|
`v-text` | 更新元素的 `textContent` [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/built-in-directives.html#v-text)
|
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|
|
`v-html` | 更新元素的 `innerHTML` [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/built-in-directives.html#v-html)
|
|
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|
|
`v-show` | 切换元素的 `display` css 属性 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/built-in-directives.html#v-show)
|
|
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|
|
`v-if` | 有条件地渲染元素 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/built-in-directives.html#v-if)
|
2022-11-03 01:09:38 +08:00
|
|
|
|
`v-else` | [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/built-in-directives.html#v-else)
|
|
|
|
|
`v-else-if` | [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/built-in-directives.html#v-else-if)
|
2022-11-15 19:00:56 +08:00
|
|
|
|
`v-for` | 多次渲染元素或模板块 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/built-in-directives.html#v-for)
|
|
|
|
|
`v-on` | 绑定事件监听器 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/built-in-directives.html#v-on)
|
|
|
|
|
`v-bind` | 动态地绑定一个或多个属性 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/built-in-directives.html#v-bind)
|
|
|
|
|
`v-model` | 创建双向绑定 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/built-in-directives.html#v-model)
|
|
|
|
|
`v-slot` | 提供插槽或接收 props 的插槽 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/built-in-directives.html#v-slot)
|
|
|
|
|
`v-pre` | 跳过元素和它的子元素编译过程 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/built-in-directives.html#v-pre)
|
|
|
|
|
`v-once` | 只渲染元素和组件一次 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/built-in-directives.html#v-once)
|
|
|
|
|
`v-memo` _(3.2+)_ | 缓存一个模板的子树 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/built-in-directives.html#v-memo)
|
|
|
|
|
`v-cloak` | 保持在元素上直到实例结束编译 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/built-in-directives.html#v-cloak)
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2022-11-03 10:26:24 +08:00
|
|
|
|
### 内置内容 - 组件
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
:- | :-
|
|
|
|
|
:- | :-
|
2022-11-15 19:00:56 +08:00
|
|
|
|
`<Transition>` | 单个元素/组件的过渡效果 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/built-in-components.html#transition)
|
|
|
|
|
`<TransitionGroup>` | 多个元素/组件的过渡效果 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/built-in-components.html#transitiongroup)
|
|
|
|
|
`<KeepAlive>` | 缓存包裹在其中的动态切换组件 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/built-in-components.html#keepalive)
|
|
|
|
|
`<Teleport>` | 将其插槽内容渲染到 DOM 中的另一个位置 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/built-in-components.html#teleport)
|
|
|
|
|
`<Suspense>` _(Experimental)_ | 协调对组件树中嵌套的异步依赖的处理 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/built-in-components.html#suspense)
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2022-11-03 10:26:24 +08:00
|
|
|
|
### 内置内容 - 特殊 Attributes
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
:- | :-
|
|
|
|
|
:- | :-
|
2022-11-15 19:00:56 +08:00
|
|
|
|
`key` | 用在 Vue 的虚拟 DOM 算法 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/built-in-special-attributes.html#key)
|
|
|
|
|
`ref` | 元素或子组件注册引用信息 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/built-in-special-attributes.html#ref)
|
|
|
|
|
`is` | 绑定动态组件 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/built-in-special-attributes.html#is)
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2022-11-03 10:26:24 +08:00
|
|
|
|
### 内置内容 - 特殊元素
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
:- | :-
|
|
|
|
|
:- | :-
|
2022-11-15 19:00:56 +08:00
|
|
|
|
`<component>` | 渲染一个“元组件”用于动态组件或元素 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/built-in-special-elements.html#component)
|
|
|
|
|
`<slot>` | 组件模板中的插槽内容出口 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/built-in-special-elements.html#slot)
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2022-11-03 10:26:24 +08:00
|
|
|
|
### 单文件组件 - 语法定义
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
|
|
|
|
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
:- | :-
|
|
|
|
|
:- | :-
|
2022-11-03 01:09:38 +08:00
|
|
|
|
`总览` | [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/sfc-spec.html#overview)
|
|
|
|
|
`相应语言块` | [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/sfc-spec.html#language-blocks)
|
|
|
|
|
`自动名称推导` | [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/sfc-spec.html#automatic-name-inference)
|
|
|
|
|
`预处理器` | [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/sfc-spec.html#pre-processors)
|
|
|
|
|
`Src 导入` | [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/sfc-spec.html#src-imports)
|
|
|
|
|
`注释` | [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/sfc-spec.html#comments)
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2022-11-03 10:26:24 +08:00
|
|
|
|
### 单文件组件 - \<script setup>
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
|
|
|
|
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
:- | :-
|
|
|
|
|
:- | :-
|
2022-11-03 01:09:38 +08:00
|
|
|
|
`基本语法` | [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/sfc-script-setup.html#basic-syntax)
|
|
|
|
|
`响应式` | [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/sfc-script-setup.html#reactivity)
|
|
|
|
|
`使用组件` | [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/sfc-script-setup.html#using-components)
|
|
|
|
|
`使用自定义指令` | [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/sfc-script-setup.html#using-custom-directives)
|
|
|
|
|
`defineProps() 和 defineEmits()` | [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/sfc-script-setup.html#defineprops-defineemits)
|
|
|
|
|
`defineExpose` | [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/sfc-script-setup.html#defineexpose)
|
|
|
|
|
`useSlots() 和 useAttrs()` | [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/sfc-script-setup.html#useslots-useattrs)
|
|
|
|
|
`与普通的 <script> 一起使用` | [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/sfc-script-setup.html#usage-alongside-normal-script)
|
|
|
|
|
`顶层 await` | [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/sfc-script-setup.html#top-level-await)
|
|
|
|
|
`针对 TypeScript 的功能` | [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/sfc-script-setup.html#typescript-only-features)
|
|
|
|
|
`限制` | [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/sfc-script-setup.html#restrictions)
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2022-11-03 10:26:24 +08:00
|
|
|
|
### 单文件组件 - CSS 功能
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
:- | :-
|
|
|
|
|
:- | :-
|
2022-11-03 01:09:38 +08:00
|
|
|
|
`组件作用域 CSS` | [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/sfc-css-features.html#scoped-css)
|
|
|
|
|
`CSS Modules` | [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/sfc-css-features.html#css-modules)
|
|
|
|
|
`CSS 中的 v-bind()` | [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/sfc-css-features.html#v-bind-in-css)
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2022-11-03 10:26:24 +08:00
|
|
|
|
### 进阶 API - 渲染函数
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
:- | :-
|
|
|
|
|
:- | :-
|
2022-11-15 19:00:56 +08:00
|
|
|
|
`h()` | 创建虚拟 DOM 节点 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/render-function.html#h)
|
|
|
|
|
`mergeProps()` | 合并多个 props 对象 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/render-function.html#mergeprops)
|
|
|
|
|
`cloneVNode()` | 克隆一个 vnode [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/render-function.html#clonevnode)
|
|
|
|
|
`isVNode()` | 判断一个值是否为 vnode 类型 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/render-function.html#isvnode)
|
|
|
|
|
`resolveComponent()` | 按名称手动解析已注册的组件 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/render-function.html#resolvecomponent)
|
|
|
|
|
`resolveDirective()` | 按名称手动解析已注册的指令 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/render-function.html#resolvedirective)
|
|
|
|
|
`withDirectives()` | 用于给 vnode 增加自定义指令 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/render-function.html#withdirectives)
|
|
|
|
|
`withModifiers()` | 用于向事件处理函数添加内置 `v-on 修饰符` [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/render-function.html#withmodifiers)
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2022-11-03 10:26:24 +08:00
|
|
|
|
### 进阶 API - 服务端渲染
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
:- | :-
|
|
|
|
|
:- | :-
|
2022-11-03 01:09:38 +08:00
|
|
|
|
`renderToString()` | [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/ssr.html#rendertostring)
|
|
|
|
|
`renderToNodeStream()` | [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/ssr.html#rendertonodestream)
|
|
|
|
|
`pipeToNodeWritable()` | [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/ssr.html#pipetonodewritable)
|
|
|
|
|
`renderToWebStream()` | [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/ssr.html#rendertowebstream)
|
|
|
|
|
`pipeToWebWritable()` | [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/ssr.html#pipetowebwritable)
|
|
|
|
|
`renderToSimpleStream()` | [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/ssr.html#rendertosimplestream)
|
|
|
|
|
`useSSRContext()` | [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/ssr.html#usessrcontext)
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2022-11-03 10:26:24 +08:00
|
|
|
|
### 进阶 API - TypeScript 工具类型
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
:- | :-
|
|
|
|
|
:- | :-
|
2022-11-15 19:00:56 +08:00
|
|
|
|
`PropType<T>` | 在用运行时 props 声明时给一个 prop 标注更复杂的类型定义 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/utility-types.html#proptypet)
|
|
|
|
|
`ComponentCustomProperties` | 增强组件实例类型以支持自定义全局属性 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/utility-types.html#componentcustomproperties)
|
|
|
|
|
`ComponentCustomOptions` | 扩展组件选项类型以支持自定义选项 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/utility-types.html#componentcustomoptions)
|
|
|
|
|
`ComponentCustomProps` | 扩展全局可用的 TSX props [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/utility-types.html#componentcustomprops)
|
|
|
|
|
`CSSProperties` | 扩展在样式属性绑定上允许的值的类型 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/utility-types.html#cssproperties)
|
2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
|
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2022-11-03 10:26:24 +08:00
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### 进阶 API - 自定义渲染
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2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
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:- | :-
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:- | :-
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2022-11-15 19:00:56 +08:00
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`createRenderer()` | 创建一个自定义渲染器 [#](https://cn.vuejs.org/api/custom-renderer.html#create-renderer)
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2022-11-03 01:08:45 +08:00
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另见
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---
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- [Vue 3.x 官方文档](https://cn.vuejs.org/)
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2022-11-11 01:51:54 +08:00
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- [Vue Router 4.x 官方文档](https://router.vuejs.org/zh/)
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