249 lines
5.0 KiB
Markdown
249 lines
5.0 KiB
Markdown
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ps 备忘清单
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===
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Linux 为我们提供了一个名为 `ps` 的实用程序，用于查看与系统上的进程相关的信息，它是 `Process Status` 的缩写
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这份 `ps` 命令备忘清单的快速参考列表，包含常用选项和示例。
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入门
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---
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### 语法
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-4-->
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```bash
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$ ps [options]
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```
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命令运行示例，列出当前 shell 中的所有进程：
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```bash
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$ ps
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PID TTY TIME CMD
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12330 pts/0 00:00:00 bash
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21621 pts/0 00:00:00 ps
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```
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---
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:-- | --
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:-- | --
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`PID` | 唯一的进程 ID
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`TTY` | 用户登录的终端类型
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`TIME` | 进程运行的 CPU 数量，以分钟和秒为单位
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`CMD` | 启动进程的命令的名称
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注意：有时当我们执行 `ps` 命令时，它显示 `TIME` 为 `00:00:00`
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---
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ps 命令支持 3 种使用语法风格
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- `Unix` 可以分组并以连字符开头
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- `BSD` 可以分组但前面没有连字符
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- `GNU` 长选项，前面有双连字符
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### 示例
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-3-->
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Option | Function
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:-- | --
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`ps -ef / -aux` | 以完整格式列出当前正在运行的进程
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`ps -ax` | 列出当前正在运行的进程
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`ps -u <username>` | 列出特定用户的进程
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`ps -C <command>` | 列出给定命令的进程
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`ps -p <PID>` | 列出具有给定 PID 的进程
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`ps -ppid <PPID>` | 列出具有给定 ppid 的进程
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`pstree` | 在层次结构中显示过程
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`ps -L` | 列出特定进程的所有线程
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`ps --sort pmem` | 查找内存泄漏
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`ps -eo` | 显示安全信息
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`ps T` | 允许您仅选择与此终端关联的所有进程
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`ps -U root -u root u` | 显示由 root 运行的进程
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<!--rehype:className=code-nowrap-->
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### 查看系统上的每个进程
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要使用标准语法查看系统上的每个进程：
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```bash
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$ ps -e # 列出所有进程
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$ ps -ef
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$ ps -eF
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$ ps -ely
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```
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要使用 BSD 语法查看系统上的每个进程：
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```bash
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$ ps ax # 以 BSD 格式列出所有进程
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$ ps axu
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```
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### 打印进程树
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```bash
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$ ps -ejH
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$ ps axjf
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```
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### 仅打印 PID 42 的名称
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```bash
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$ ps -q 42 -o comm=
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```
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### 获取有关线程的信息
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```bash
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$ ps -eLf
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$ ps axms
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```
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### 列出当前用户拥有的所有进程
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```bash
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$ ps x
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```
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### 获取安全信息
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
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```bash
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$ ps -eo euser,ruser,suser,fuser,f,comm,label
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$ ps axZ
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$ ps -eM
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```
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### 查看以 root 身份运行的每个进程
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查看以 root 身份运行的每个进程（真实且有效的 ID）用户格式：
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```bash
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$ ps -U root -u root u
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```
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### 查看具有用户定义格式的每个进程
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
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```bash
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$ ps -eo pid,tid,class,rtprio,ni,pri,psr,pcpu,stat,wchan:14,comm
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$ ps axo stat,euid,ruid,tty,tpgid,sess,pgrp,ppid,pid,pcpu,comm
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$ ps -Ao pid,tt,user,fname,tmout,f,wchan
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```
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### 仅打印 syslogd 的进程 ID
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```bash
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$ ps -C syslogd -o pid=
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```
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### 显示面向用户的格式
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2 row-span-2-->
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```bash
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$ ps u
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USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TT STAT STARTED TIME COMMAND
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refs 11400 1.1 0.0 34853544 5816 s025 Ss Tue02PM 0:02.82 /bin/zsh --login
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refs 34561 0.6 0.0 34822644 3152 s016 S+ 14Dec22 115:59.28 zsh (figterm)
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refs 21377 0.5 0.0 34973972 7076 s028 S+ Wed09AM 4:32.19 zsh (figterm)
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refs 78881 0.5 0.0 34843484 3256 s015 S+ 17Dec22 90:27.10 zsh (figterm)
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```
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### 列出具有完整格式的进程
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```bash
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$ ps f
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$ ps -F
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```
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### 显示虚拟内存格式
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```bash
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$ ps v
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```
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### 按有效用户 ID 或名称显示进程
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```bash
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$ ps -u user[name or id]
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# OR
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$ ps --user user[name or id]
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$ ps -u root
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```
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按**真实**用户 ID 或名称显示进程
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```bash
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$ ps -U user[name or id]
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# OR
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$ ps --User user[name or id]
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```
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### 按实际组 ID 或名称显示进程
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```bash
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$ ps -G group[name or id]
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# OR
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$ ps --Group group[name or id]
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```
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### 隐藏 ps 命令输出的标题
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```bash
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$ ps h
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PID TT STAT TIME COMMAND
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33790 s000 S+ 104:10.45 zsh (figterm)
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33800 s001 Ss+ 0:02.76 /bin/zsh --login
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77830 s002 S+ 90:22.51 zsh (figterm)
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77840 s003 Ss 0:00.66 /bin/zsh --login
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```
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### 显示命令后的环境
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```bash
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$ ps e
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PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND
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886 tty2 Ssl+ 0:00 /usr/li....
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```
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### 重复 ps 命令输出的标题行
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```bash
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$ ps --headers -A
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PID TTY TIME CMD
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1 ? 00:00:01 systemd
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2 ? 00:00:00 kthreadd
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3 ? 00:00:00 rcu_gp
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```
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### 显示进程树
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```bash
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$ ps --forest -A
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PID TTY TIME CMD
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2 ? 00:00:00 kthreadd
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3 ? 00:00:00 \_ rcu_gp
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4 ? 00:00:00 \_ rcu_par_gp
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960 ? 00:00:00 \_ goa-identity-se
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1118 ? 00:00:00 \_ at-spi-bus-laun
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1124 ? 00:00:00 | \_ dbus-daemon
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```
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您可以使用 -H 选项打印进程层次结构
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```bash
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$ ps -H -A
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PID TTY TIME CMD
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2 ? 00:00:00 kthreadd
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3 ? 00:00:00 rcu_gp
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1832 ? 00:00:37 gnome-terminal-
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1840 pts/0 00:00:00 bash
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1925 pts/1 00:00:00 bash
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2867 pts/1 00:00:00 su
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2868 pts/1 00:00:00 bash
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```
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